Am J Clin Nutr:吃巧克力对心血管有益还是有害 得看年龄?

2018-09-14 吴星 环球医学

越来越多的证据表明,巧克力可通过降低血压、改善内皮功能和改善胰岛素敏感性来降低心血管疾病风险。近期,3项Meta分析发现,巧克力摄入量与心血管疾病风险显著负相关。然而,这些Meta分析的证据表明,该负相关性仅存在于老年个体或之前存在严重慢性病的患者。那么,其他人群吃巧克力到底能否降低心脏病和卒中风险?

越来越多的证据表明,巧克力可通过降低血压、改善内皮功能和改善胰岛素敏感性来降低血管疾病风险。近期,3项Meta分析发现,巧克力摄入量与血管疾病风险显著负相关。然而,这些Meta分析的证据表明,该负相关性仅存在于老年个体或之前存在严重慢性病的患者。那么,其他人群吃巧克力到底能否降低心脏病和卒中风险?

2018年7月,美国学者在《Am J Clin Nutr》发表了一项前瞻性分析,再次考察了在妇女健康倡议中,巧克力摄入量与心脏病和卒中之间的相关性。

研究者评估了习惯性巧克力摄入和随后冠心病(CHD)和卒中发病之间的相关性,以及年龄对该潜在相关性的影响。

研究者进行了多变量Cox回归分析,使用的数据来自于前瞻性女性健康倡议队列中的83310名绝经后女性,这些女性基线无严重慢性病。使用食品频率调查问卷评估巧克力摄入情况。医生判定为事件或确定死亡,研究日期至2013年9月30日。

最终共有3246例CHD和2624例卒中事件或死亡,分别代表了1098091和1101022人-年(13.4年)期间的3.9%和3.2%的发病率。

研究者发现,巧克力摄入量与CHD或卒中之间无相关性。对CHD合并卒中的结果与之相似,但是受到年龄的显著影响。

对于基线时<65岁的女性,每月吃<1 oz(28.35g)巧克力、每月1~<1.5 oz、每月1.5~<3.5 oz、每周3.5~<3 oz和每周≥3 oz,其HRs分别为1.00(参考)、1.17(1.00,1.36)、1.05(0.90,1.22)、1.09(0.94,1.25)和1.27(1.09,1.49)。老年女性的相关性不显著。

研究者观察到,在之前不存在严重慢性病的参与者中,巧克力摄入与CHD、卒中或二者合并发病的风险无相关性。二者合并发病的相关性受到年龄的影响,具有显著的正性线性趋势,并在<65岁的巧克力摄入最高五分位数的女性中风险增加。(clinicaltrials.gov,NCT03453073)

据研究者所知,既往未报告过高水平巧克力摄入量与CHD或卒中风险之间的正相关性。然而,正相关性与可用的经验证据是一致的。两项先前的流行病学分析发现,较高水平巧克力摄入后,体重预期性显著增加,具有显著的线性趋势;体重增加是CVD的重要风险因素。鉴于巧克力的高能量和脂肪密度,长期食用巧克力导致肥胖症增加的可能性并不令人惊讶。

专家点评:据医学期刊Maturitas于2010年刊登的一项研究显示,可可和巧克力的药用价值最早始于美洲原住民使用其治疗心绞痛、呼吸道疾病、口腔疾病、肠疾病以及肾脏和肝脏病症。2015年,发表在《Heart》杂志上的论文表明,每日摄入100g巧克力和心脏病及中风风险降低直接相关,不过该研究并没有证明减少巧克力摄入会降低个体心血管疾病的风险。本篇研究关注女性人群与巧克力摄入量的关系,提示我们巧克力作用有限,且摄入量较高反而会带来健康隐患。生活中,对于香甜丝滑的巧克力我们还是应该把持住,适可而止。

原始出处:

Greenberg JA, Manson JE, Neuhouser ML, et.al. Chocolate intake and heart disease and stroke in the Women's Health Initiative: a prospective analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Jul 1;108(1):41-48. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy073.

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    学了

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    2018-09-15 哈哈869

    学了

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    2018-09-14 医者仁心5538

    学习了

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    2018-09-14 一个字-牛

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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