抗癌药零关税满百天:多部门力促降价 国产药创新仿制齐头并进

2018-08-08 冷昊阳 中国新闻网

自今年5月1日起,中国实施抗癌药等药品“零关税”已满百日。三个多月来,多地多部门多措并举,通过医保准入谈判、省级抗癌药专项集中采购、加快境外新药审批流程、纳入医保等举措,力促民众买得到、用得起“救命药”。多措并举 让“救命药”买得到、用得起一段时间以来,抗癌药的话题成为民众关注的焦点。在抗癌药零关税政策实施满3个月后,国家卫生健康委、国家医保局、国家药监局等相关部门密集发声,介绍相关政策措施

自今年5月1日起,中国实施抗癌药等药品“零关税”已满百日。三个多月来,多地多部门多措并举,通过医保准入谈判、省级抗癌药专项集中采购、加快境外新药审批流程、纳入医保等举措,力促民众买得到、用得起“救命药”。

多措并举 让“救命药”买得到、用得起

一段时间以来,抗癌药的话题成为民众关注的焦点。在抗癌药零关税政策实施满3个月后,国家卫生健康委、国家医保局、国家药监局等相关部门密集发声,介绍相关政策措施,解决患者“救命药”买不起、拖不起、买不到的诉求。

在保障抗癌药的供应方面,国家卫健委近日表示,推动公立医院实行药品分类采购。例如,对部分专利药品、独家生产药品,建立公开透明、多方参与的价格谈判机制;而对临床必需、用量小、市场供应短缺的药品,由国家招标定点生产、议价采购。

而对于境外上市新药,如何能尽快到达患者手中?这也同样是有关部门需要应对的挑战。

对此,国家药监局局长焦红近日介绍,准备组织专家对正在审评审批的201个和未到中国申报的138个新药,共计339个新药进行研究分类,筛选出罕见病治疗药品、防治严重危及生命疾病如抗艾滋病药、抗癌药等药品。药监局会集中审评力量加快审评,罕见病药品3个月内审结,其他临床急需药品6个月内审结,预期缩短上市周期1至2年。

抗癌药纳入医保,也是保障民众用得起药的重要举措。据媒体报道,由于部分抗癌的“救命药”迟迟不进医保,甚至出现了一些患者“先看是否纳入医保,再看疗效”的现象。

对此,国家医保局近日透露,对医保目录外的独家抗癌药,国家医保局已启动2018年准入专项谈判工作,将疗效明确、临床必需的新药、好药,通过谈判以合理价格及时纳入医保目录范围。目前正在与企业确认谈判意愿。

国家医保局还称,专家提出的拟谈判药品均为治疗血液肿瘤和实体肿瘤所必需的药品,覆盖了非小细胞肺癌直肠癌、肾细胞癌、黑色素瘤、慢性粒细胞白血病、淋巴癌、多发性骨髓瘤等多个癌种。谈判工作预计9月底前完成。

零关税百天,药价降没降?

今年5月1日起,中国以暂定税率方式将包括抗癌药在内的所有普通药品、具有抗癌作用的生物碱类药品及有实际进口的中成药进口关税降为零。

记者梳理发现,近期,湖北、北京、辽宁、甘肃等多省份都对抗癌药进行了降价,政策红利已经开始逐渐落地,惠及多地患者。

例如,6月29日,湖北省公立医院药品(耗材)供应保障平台发布公告称,响应国家税改政策,根据企业申请,下调辉瑞15个品种、20个品规药品挂网价格,降幅3.4%-10.2%。

再如,7月15日,辽宁省药品和医用耗材集中采购网也发布通知称,同意西安杨森对旗下一款抗白血病药物达珂(注射用地西他滨冻干粉针,50mg)进行降价,药品由原来的10327.22元降到了4996元。经记者测算,其降幅超51%。

中国药科大学医疗保障政策研究中心副主任常峰此前接受媒体采访时称,进口抗癌药零关税政策已经实施三个月,相关药物价格下降幅度在3.30%-51.62%不等,各省出台的降价抗癌药的平均降幅达到7.51%。

不过,此前也有媒体调查发现,零关税新规的市场反应存在一定的“滞后效应”。比如在辽宁省一所三甲医院肿瘤内科,自5月1日至7月下旬,贝伐珠单抗等临床使用的主要进口抗癌药价格未下降。

为何终端药价会有较长的“反射弧”?中国药科大学国家药物政策与医药产业经济研究中心项目研究员颜建周在今年7月接受媒体采访时分析,终端药价变化“慢半拍”受到多重因素影响,比如在今年5月1日前,国内市场中已经库存了一定量的进口抗癌药品,这部分药品并没有受到降税政策的影响,价格会与之前保持一致。而且,这部分药品库存销售完毕仍需一定周期。

国产抗癌药:创新仿制齐头并进

除了推进境外原研抗癌药的市场准入,国产药的研发也同样备受关注。

日前,国家卫健委有关负责人表示,中国于2008年启动实施“重大新药创制”科技重大专项。截至2017年底,已立项课题1700余项,包括抗癌药在内的一大批品种获得新药证书,有8个抗肿瘤药获得1类新药证书。新药专项还对临床急需的大品种给予支持,改造200余种临床急需品种,涉及国家基本药物80余种,药品质量大幅提升。

在鼓励药品创新的同时,国家药监部门还继续加快推进仿制药质量和疗效一致性评价工作,逐步提高已上市药品质量。目前,国家药监局已公布参比制剂15批1071个品规,共有4批41个品规的仿制药通过了一致性评价。国家药监局也将与相关部门共同对这些品种涉及的医保支付、优先采购、优先选用等问题进行协调落实。

除了推进新药研制,国家卫健委还于近日介绍,称在着力推动高质量仿制药进入临床使用。根据今年初国务院办公厅印发的《关于改革完善仿制药供应保障及使用政策的意见》,药品集中采购机构要按药品通用名编制采购目录,促进与原研药质量和疗效一致的仿制药和原研药平等竞争。

国家卫健委有关负责人还表示,将与原研药质量和疗效一致的仿制药纳入与原研药可相互替代药品目录,在说明书、标签中予以标注,并及时向社会公布相关信息,便于医务人员和患者选择使用。

对此,有专家表示,全面提升仿制药质量,目标是实现国产仿制药对原研药的临床替代。开展仿制药质量和疗效一致性评价工作,对提升中国制药行业整体水平,保障药品安全性和有效性,促进医药产业升级和结构调整,具有十分重要的意义。

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    2018-12-07 lfyang
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    2018-08-10 sunylz
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    2018-08-10 30397605
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    2018-08-10 chinadoctorliu_19344479

    谢谢,转发了

    0

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