Science:基因编辑脱靶效应被张锋攻克,有望应用于临床精准基因修复

2015-12-02 MedSci MedSci原创

来自麻省理工学院-哈佛医学院Broad研究所和麻省理工学院McGovern脑研究所的研究人员,设计改造了革命性的CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑系统,大大减少了“脱靶”编辑错误。这一完善的技术解决了使用基因组编辑时面对的一个主要技术问题。 CRISPR-Cas9系统是通过对细胞的DNA进行精确地靶向修饰来发挥作用。借助于与靶位点序列相匹配的一段短RNA分子,Cas9蛋白可改变指定位点的DNA。尽管

来自麻省理工学院-哈佛医学院Broad研究所和麻省理工学院McGovern脑研究所的研究人员,设计改造了革命性的CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑系统,大大减少了“脱靶”编辑错误。这一完善的技术解决了使用基因组编辑时面对的一个主要技术问题。

CRISPR-Cas9系统是通过对细胞的DNA进行精确地靶向修饰来发挥作用。借助于与靶位点序列相匹配的一段短RNA分子,Cas9蛋白可改变指定位点的DNA。尽管Cas9能够高度有效地切割它的靶位点,这一系统有一个主要的缺点:就是一旦进入到细胞中,它可以结合并切割额外的非目标位点。这有可能会造成意外的编辑,完全改变基因表达或是敲除掉某一基因,导致癌症形成或其他的问题出现。

在发表于《科学》(science)杂志上的一篇新研究论文中,张锋(Feng Zhang)和同事们报告称,在构成化脓性链球菌Cas9酶的约1,400个氨基酸中,他们通过改变3个氨基酸将“脱靶编辑”显著减少至无法检测到的水平。

张锋和同事们利用Cas9蛋白的结构知识:负电荷的DNA结合到了Cas9蛋白一个正电荷的凹槽中,来减少了脱靶切割。知道了这一结构,科学家们可预测出用一些中性氨基酸来替代正电荷的氨基酸,相比于“靶向”序列,可以大大减少Cas9与“脱靶”序列的结合。

在试验了各种可能的改变后,张锋研究小组发现三个氨基酸突变可大大减少“脱靶”切割。利用测试的导向RNAs,研究人员证实“脱靶”切割已降低至检测不到的水平。

研究小组将这种新设计的酶命名为“增强型”化脓性链球菌Cas9(eSpCas9),可用于需要高水平特异性的基因组编辑应用。张锋实验室马上将向全世界的研究人员提供这种eSpCas9。该研究小组相信相同的电荷改变方法也会对张锋与合作者们在今年早些时候报告的其他RNA引导DNA靶向酶,包括Cpf1、C2C1和C2C3起作用

张锋在于华盛顿召开的国际基因编辑峰会上说,快速和高效的基因组编辑前景引起了许多伦理和社会关注。“许多安全性问题都与脱靶效应相关。我们希望开发出eSpCas9将帮助解决其中的一些问题,但我们并没有将其视作为是一个神奇子弹。这一领域正在迅速地发展,在我们认为可以将这一技术投入临床应用前还有许多东西有待了解。”

原始出处:

Ian M. Slaymaker, Linyi Gao, Bernd Zetsche, David A. Scott, Winston X. Yan, and Feng Zhang.Rationally engineered Cas9 nucleases with improved specificity. Science,Published online 1 December 2015 [DOI:10.1126/science.aad5227]

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    2018-03-15 xiaogan8479

    厉害

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    2015-12-27 hixiaoluo

    厉害厉害

    0

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    2015-12-04 jichang
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296402, encodeId=c2d029640216, content=厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Thu Mar 15 07:44:17 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1984669, encodeId=f0b219846694e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=390d4168528' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因修复#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41685, encryptionId=390d4168528, topicName=基因修复)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=89da2500024, createdName=1194695146_61857347, createdTime=Tue Jan 19 12:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=49151, encodeId=df654915141, content=厉害厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=153, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 09:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375128, encodeId=fc0b13e51288b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 09:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1402994, encodeId=d8691402994ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbde6353be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#精准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76353, encryptionId=ebbde6353be, topicName=精准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epQX9hfEIBiaPg0e9KvLYVBCSGYydH6K6OQxBh3RaOC0TYP9HYy2v0XdHib1LFnZNU5Siak0P8oh8Aqw/132, createdBy=acd92440184, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 09:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44520, encodeId=8d9544520b4, content=厉害的,大大的厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Thu Dec 03 11:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44431, encodeId=84c3444316c, content=张锋太猛了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 18:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44430, encodeId=f94d4443055, content=加油!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 18:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296402, encodeId=c2d029640216, content=厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Thu Mar 15 07:44:17 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1984669, encodeId=f0b219846694e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=390d4168528' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因修复#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41685, encryptionId=390d4168528, topicName=基因修复)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=89da2500024, createdName=1194695146_61857347, createdTime=Tue Jan 19 12:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=49151, encodeId=df654915141, content=厉害厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=153, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 09:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375128, encodeId=fc0b13e51288b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 09:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1402994, encodeId=d8691402994ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbde6353be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#精准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76353, encryptionId=ebbde6353be, topicName=精准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epQX9hfEIBiaPg0e9KvLYVBCSGYydH6K6OQxBh3RaOC0TYP9HYy2v0XdHib1LFnZNU5Siak0P8oh8Aqw/132, createdBy=acd92440184, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 09:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44520, encodeId=8d9544520b4, content=厉害的,大大的厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Thu Dec 03 11:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44431, encodeId=84c3444316c, content=张锋太猛了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 18:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44430, encodeId=f94d4443055, content=加油!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 18:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-03 lixh1719

    厉害的,大大的厉害

    0

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    2015-12-02 lovetcm

    张锋太猛了

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296402, encodeId=c2d029640216, content=厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Thu Mar 15 07:44:17 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1984669, encodeId=f0b219846694e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=390d4168528' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因修复#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41685, encryptionId=390d4168528, topicName=基因修复)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=89da2500024, createdName=1194695146_61857347, createdTime=Tue Jan 19 12:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=49151, encodeId=df654915141, content=厉害厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=153, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 09:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375128, encodeId=fc0b13e51288b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 09:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1402994, encodeId=d8691402994ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbde6353be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#精准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76353, encryptionId=ebbde6353be, topicName=精准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epQX9hfEIBiaPg0e9KvLYVBCSGYydH6K6OQxBh3RaOC0TYP9HYy2v0XdHib1LFnZNU5Siak0P8oh8Aqw/132, createdBy=acd92440184, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 09:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44520, encodeId=8d9544520b4, content=厉害的,大大的厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Thu Dec 03 11:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44431, encodeId=84c3444316c, content=张锋太猛了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 18:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44430, encodeId=f94d4443055, content=加油!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 18:16:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-02 老段

    加油!

    0

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80后的华人学霸张锋:开创基因编辑时代,明天他会得诺贝尔奖吗?

题记——在中国度过童年时光,高中时便荣获 Intel 大奖。刚过而立之年的他,以发现CRISPR/Cas9里程碑式成果载入生物学史册。他是张锋、华人生物学界最耀眼的新星,也是诺贝尔奖的大热门。明天凌晨,他会收到来自斯德哥尔摩的电话吗? 先看看他简单的履历吧: 1983年出生中国石家庄 2004年毕业于哈佛大学化学物理专业

Nature:中国首次将基因编辑宠物小猪投入市场

划时代的基因编辑技术产生了意想不到的副产品-中国华大基因组研究所的一种基因改造小猪很快将会有小宝宝出生。 位于深圳的这家基因组研究所以一系列高产的基因组测序工作闻名于世。据说他们首次创造这一转基因小猪的目的是用于人类疾病模型的建立。他们对一种名叫BAMA的小猪进行了遗传改造。9月23日,BGI对外公告准备开始出售这一转基因小猪产品。此种转基因小猪成熟时体重约15公斤,相当于中等体型的狗。

基因编辑的浪潮席卷临床

Layla Richards的白血病病症在细胞经DNA剪切酶作用后得到缓解。 公司准备检测基因编辑技术在人类疾病治疗的应用范围。 得益于基因编辑技术,Layla Richards能够接受来自另一个人的经过修饰的免疫细胞,这个一岁大的白血病患儿的病症得到了缓解。 她的病例是应用基因编辑技术成功治疗人类疾病的第二例,第一例是在去年应用于HIV感染者。公司计划进行类似的试验,并打算试验直接

Stem Cell Reports:无需克隆的基因编辑技术,可能会改变医学治疗的未来

MedSci小编注:这是一项很新的基础研究技术,广大临床医生如何读这样的信息呢?不必看技术本身,而要看结果。这项技术最牛X的地方,不需要克隆,也意味着不需要干细胞介导,直接修复有突变细胞的基因。试想一下,大量遗传性疾病,在人体的细胞上,就可以直接修复突变的基因,那么这些疾病不就有救了吗?!相信接下来这种技术再与细胞定向(定点基因编辑)结合起来,那么基因编辑可以定向找到人体内特定的细胞,然后修复基因

Cell:第二代基因编辑神器诞生,CRISPR/Cpf1让一切皆有可能!

1987年,科学家首次描述了CRISPR序列;2010和2011年,研究人员相继发现了该序列的自然生物学功能;2013年,张锋等科学家首次报道了CRISPR-Cas9系统在哺乳动物基因组编辑中的应用。张锋此前发表过大量Cell,Nature,Science文章,是基因编辑领域的超级新星,也是未来诺贝尔奖有力的争夺者。 在过去的3年里,基因编辑神器CRISPR被认为是遗传研究领域的革命性技术;

Science:29岁中国女科学家批量敲除病毒基因,猪器官有望移植人体

近日,美国哈佛大学和生物技术公司eGenesis研究人员宣布,已经利用了一种新的基因编辑技术,敲除了猪基因组中可能有害的病毒基因,从而扫清猪器官用于人体移植的重大难关,为全世界亟须器官移植的上百万病人带来希望。 鉴于这项成果的意义重大,美国《科学》杂志一次性审稿,并提前在线刊登论文,而不是按惯例等到每周的星期四发表。 哈佛大学和eGenesis异种器官移植课题带头人,29岁的杨璐菡表示