Science:PIK3CA双突变患者对PI3Kα抑制剂的敏感性增强

2019-11-08 不详 MedSci原创

在人类乳腺癌中常见PIK3CA激活突变,该基因编码磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶的催化亚基。磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶α(PI3Kα)抑制剂已获得批准用于治疗这类癌症。评估PI3K抑制剂用于癌症患者的疗效的临床试验正在进行中。为明确影响这些药物敏感性的决定因素,研究人员对PIK3CA-突变型癌症的基因组进行分析,发现在12-15%的乳腺癌和其他肿瘤类型中,存在PIK3CA多重突变,大部分(95%)为双突变。双PIK3

在人类乳腺癌中常见PIK3CA激活突变,该基因编码磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶的催化亚基。磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶α(PI3Kα)抑制剂已获得批准用于治疗这类癌症。评估PI3K抑制剂用于癌症患者的疗效的临床试验正在进行中。

为明确影响这些药物敏感性的决定因素,研究人员对PIK3CA-突变型癌症的基因组进行分析,发现在12-15%的乳腺癌和其他肿瘤类型中,存在PIK3CA多重突变,大部分(95%)为双突变。双PIK3CA突变位于同一顺势等位基因上,导致PI3K活性增加、下游信号增强、细胞增殖和癌症生长增快。

双突变的生物化学机制包括增加p110α与抑制亚基p85α结合的破坏,解除其催化抑制,增加p110α膜脂质结合。对临床试验数据进行预分析发现,与单热点突变相比,双PIK3CA突变的乳腺癌患者对PI3Kα抑制剂的敏感性增强。

因此,PIK3CA突变状态或可有助于鉴别可从PI3Kα抑制剂治疗获益最大的乳腺癌患者。

原始出处:

Neil Vasan, et al.Double PIK3CA mutations in cis increase oncogenicity and sensitivity to PI3Kα inhibitors.Science.  08 Nov 2019:Vol. 366, Issue 6466, pp. 714-723.DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw9032

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    2020-08-21 jklm09
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    2020-09-04 xinmeili
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    2019-11-10 jichang
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