Cell Res:酒精如何引起肝损伤和脂肪变性?

2019-05-31 枫叶 转化医学网

已知补体系统在酒精性脂肪肝病(AFLD)中发挥作用,但其基本机制知之甚少,从而限制了补体系统中治疗干预的合理方法的发展。已显示C3缺乏对乙醇诱导的肝脏脂肪变性和炎症具有保护作用。

已知补体系统在酒精性脂肪肝病(AFLD)中发挥作用,但其基本机制知之甚少,从而限制了补体系统中治疗干预的合理方法的发展。已显示C3缺乏对乙醇诱导的肝脏脂肪变性和炎症具有保护作用。

广西医科大学何松青团队在Cell Research 在线发表题为“Complement C3 activation regulates the production of tRNA-derived fragments Gly-tRFs and promotes alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis”的研究论文,该研究探索了C3促成乙醇诱导的肝脏脂肪变性的潜在机制,并且评估了CR2-Crry在乙醇诱导的肝脏脂肪变性和小鼠炎症中的治疗效果。 此外,研究人员分析了Gly-tRF的作用及其与AFLD小鼠模型中补体激活的关系,并使用Gly-tRF反义抑制剂评估了潜在的治疗策略。研究结果表明,C3激活产物通过调节Gly-tRF的表达促成肝细胞增多症。 C3活化步骤的补体抑制和Gly-tRF抑制剂治疗可能是AFLD的潜在和精确的治疗方法。

酒精性肝病是全世界发病率和死亡率的主要原因,酒精性脂肪肝病(AFLD)是过量饮酒的结果。当患者继续饮酒时,AFLD发展为更严重的肝损伤形式,如脂肪性肝炎,纤维化,肝硬化和肝细胞癌。AFLD的特征有许多症状,如脂肪变性和炎症,这些都会导致肝损伤。虽然对AFLD进行了广泛的研究,但目前对AFLD发病机制的了解仍然有限。

几个证据表明,不同的介质,如补体系统,活性氧(ROS),中性粒细胞,巨噬细胞有趣的是,缺乏补体成分3(C3)的小鼠免受乙醇诱导的脂肪变性。相反,补体成分5(C5)缺乏不影响脂肪变性,尽管它赋予对乙醇诱导的炎症反应具有保护作用。激活后,C3被切割成C3a和C3b,C3b进一步促进C5向C5a和C5b的活化/裂解.C3a和C5a与细胞因子的表达增加有关,进而促进酒精诱导的肝脏炎症的进展。然而,C3如何导致乙醇诱导的脂肪变性的潜在机制尚不清楚。此外,没有有效的药物治疗AFLD。肝移植是严重AFLD患者接受和成功的治疗方法,手术后肝脏缺血再灌注损伤(IRI)是肝功能障碍和衰竭的关键因素,目前尚无治疗方案可用于预防或减少移植或切除后的肝IRI。

补体受体2(CR2)-Crry是一种位点靶向的补体抑制剂,可阻断C3激活步骤中的所有补体途径。CR2-Crry的有效补体抑制功能取决于其局部靶向,但是其对AFLD中肝IRI的影响 不是很清楚。

在过去二十年中,已显示各种非编码RNA(ncRNA)在调节基因表达中起重要作用。小RNA高通量测序技术的发展导致了各种类型的ncRNA的发现。近年来,已经在各种研究领域研究了来自tRNA的小RNAs。几个证据表明tRNA衍生片段(tRFs)是参与各种生物过程的功能分子,包括基因表达的调节,并且已经显示应激诱导的tRF可以抑制蛋白质合成。尽管tRFs的功能已被广泛研究,但tRFs在AFLD中的作用和分子机制尚不清楚。

SIRT1是一种NAD +依赖性去乙酰酶,是肝脏脂质代谢和AFLD发病机制的中心分子。缺失肝脏基因Sirt1导致脂肪生成刺激和β-氧化受损。SIRT1调节许多脂质代谢基因,如Srebp-1c, Lipin1, Ppara和Cpt1a,它们在AFLD发展中起主要作用。尽管SIRT1信号传导在AFLD发展中的作用已经建立,但与其对乙醇攻击的破坏相关的分子机制仍然是难以捉摸的。

研究人员探索了C3促成乙醇诱导的肝脏脂肪变性的潜在机制,并且评估了CR2-Crry在乙醇诱导的肝脏脂肪变性和小鼠炎症中的治疗效果。 此外,研究人员分析了Gly-tRF的作用及其与AFLD小鼠模型中补体激活的关系,并使用Gly-tRF反义抑制剂评估了潜在的治疗策略。

在这里,研究人员通过用C3激活的特异性抑制剂CR2-Crry治疗证明了对野生型小鼠的保护作用。甘氨酸转移(t)RNA衍生片段(Gly-tRFs)的表达在乙醇喂养的小鼠中上调,并且体内Gly-tRF的抑制减少慢性乙醇喂养诱导的肝脂肪变性而不影响炎症。 Gly-tRF的表达在C3缺陷或CR2-Crry处理的小鼠中下调,但在C5缺陷小鼠中不表达。

肝组织的转录组分析显示Gly-tRF抑制剂上调sirtuin1(Sirt1)的表达,并随后影响下游脂肪生成和β-氧化途径。在机制上,Gly-tRF与AGO3相互作用以通过3'UTR中的序列互补性下调Sirt1表达。值得注意的是,与健康对照相比,在AFLD患者中,C3d,CYP2E1和Gly-tRF的表达水平上调,而Sirt1降低。

总的来说,研究结果表明,C3激活产物通过调节Gly-tRF的表达促成肝细胞增多症。 C3活化步骤的补体抑制和Gly-tRF抑制剂治疗可能是AFLD的潜在和精确的治疗方法。

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    2019-06-09 智智灵药
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    2019-06-02 huangdf

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