Cell:图谱!1篇论文揭秘769个癌症“关键”基因

2017-08-01 佚名 生物探索

7月27日,发表在Cell杂志上题为“Defining a Cancer Dependency Map”的研究成果中,来自Broad研究所和Dana-Farber癌症研究所的科学家们建立了癌细胞遗传弱点的综合目录。具体来说,研究人员鉴定出了超过760个癌细胞生长和生存强烈依赖的基因。其中,许多依赖性(dependencies)是针对某些特定的癌症类型,另外,有约10%的依赖性在多种癌症中是共同存在

7月27日,发表在Cell杂志上题为“Defining a Cancer Dependency Map”的研究成果中,来自Broad研究所和Dana-Farber癌症研究所的科学家们建立了癌细胞遗传弱点的综合目录。具体来说,研究人员鉴定出了超过760个癌细胞生长和生存强烈依赖的基因。其中,许多依赖性(dependencies)是针对某些特定的癌症类型,另外,有约10%的依赖性在多种癌症中是共同存在的。这表明,靶向这些核心“依赖性”的疗法有望用于对抗多种肿瘤。
The new list of dependencies represent genes coding for a wide range of proteins.(图片来源:Cell)

为了获得这一发现,研究小组对代表超过20种癌症(下图)的501个细胞系进行了全基因组RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)筛选:在每个细胞系中单独沉默了17,000多个基因,以识别癌细胞特有的基因依赖性。
图片来源:Cell

癌细胞可能会携带各种各样的遗传错误,包括一个小的突变或者染色体之间DNA的大规模交换。但是,当某个错误影响到了一个关键基因时,癌细胞会通过调节其它基因的活性来 “弥补这一错误”,并基于这种适应性建立了对某些基因的依赖性。识别癌细胞的这些“依赖性”能够帮助科学家们进一步理解癌症生物学,以及识别新的治疗靶点。

1核心技术——RNA干扰

RNAi技术是利用小干扰RNA(small interfering RNAs,siRNAs)使基因变得沉默。为了进行全基因组RNAi筛选,研究人员使细胞暴露在siRNAs池(expose cells to pools of siRNAs)中,并追踪细胞的行为。

Broad 研究所参与该研究的David Root博士说:“对这些被处理的细胞,我们能做的最简单的事情就是让它们随着时间的推移保持生长,看看最终哪些细胞能‘繁荣’生长。如果某个基因被沉默后,细胞无法存活了,这意味着,该基因对癌细胞的增殖非常关键。”

值得一提的是,为了消除由“Seed Effects”(siRNAs无意沉默了不相关的基因的现象)造成的假阳性的结果,该研究的共同第一作者Aviad Tsherniak领导开发了一个新型的计算工具——DEMETER。Tsherniak说:“人们有时对RNAi有一种怀疑的态度,因为‘Seed Effects’会使数据很杂。DEMETER能够扣除‘Seed Effects’,帮助我们找到真正的癌症依赖性。”

2别再只关心“突变”了

该研究结果显示,一方面,许多依赖性是癌症特异性的,沉默这些基因只影响一个子集的细胞系。另一方面,超过90%的细胞系对一组76个基因中的至少一个(at least one of a set of 76 genes)具有很强的依赖性。这表明,许多癌症依赖着相对较少的基因和通路。

利用每一种细胞系的分子特征(如突变、基因拷贝数、表达模式),研究小组还建立了基于生物标志物的模型(biomarker-based model),用来帮助解释研究鉴定出的769种依赖性中其中426种背后的生物学(the biology behind 426 of the 769 dependencies)。这些生物标志物被分为基因突变、基因拷贝数减少或基因表达降低、基因表达增加等。

令人惊讶的是,具有生物标志物的80%以上的依赖性与基因表达的变化有关(上调或下调)。突变(通常是支持一个基因作为药物靶点的理由)仅占生物标志物相关依赖性(biomarker-associated dependencies)的16%。

根据该研究通讯作者William C. Hahn的观点,这一成果显示的数据表明,除了关注蛋白质编码基因的突变和变异外,现在是时候更多的关注癌症相关的其它方面了。
此外,研究结果中令人鼓舞的是,科学家们发现的20%的依赖性与先前已经被作为潜在药物靶点的基因有关。

3结语

该研究的共同第一作者Francisca Vazquez说:“我们的结果为一些治疗项目提供了起点,帮助他们决定他们的努力方向。随着越来越多基因组规模的系统数据集变得可用,将所有的数据结合在一起,将帮助我们建立一个真正全面的癌症依赖图谱。”

原始出处
Tsherniak A, Vazquez F, Montgomery PG, et al.Defining a Cancer Dependency Map.Cell. 2017 Jul 27;170(3):564-576.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.010.

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    2017-10-31 jyzxjiangqin

    癌症关徤基因.

    0

  3. 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 21:42:07 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228820, encodeId=0023228820d0, content=这个研究真是大工程!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 11:47:24 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228801, encodeId=6f2d228801c3, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=353a2047758, createdName=137****9095, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 10:51:39 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-23 jyzxjiangqin

    关键基因图谱.

    0

  4. 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createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/02/7354b3539aae6a0ccb1e0fff04c12084.jpg, createdBy=205b1984786, createdName=随梦飞扬, createdTime=Wed Aug 02 18:41:01 CST 2017, time=2017-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228979, encodeId=c1432289e90c, content=很好,不错,以后会多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Wed Aug 02 00:27:54 CST 2017, time=2017-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228924, encodeId=4fbb2289243d, content=谢谢分享。 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 21:42:07 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228820, encodeId=0023228820d0, content=这个研究真是大工程!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 11:47:24 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228801, encodeId=6f2d228801c3, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=353a2047758, createdName=137****9095, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 10:51:39 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-18 维他命
  5. 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 21:42:07 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228820, encodeId=0023228820d0, content=这个研究真是大工程!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 11:47:24 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228801, encodeId=6f2d228801c3, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=353a2047758, createdName=137****9095, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 10:51:39 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-09-06 jyzxjiangqin

    769个癌症关键基因.

    0

  6. 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 21:42:07 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228820, encodeId=0023228820d0, content=这个研究真是大工程!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 11:47:24 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228801, encodeId=6f2d228801c3, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=353a2047758, createdName=137****9095, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 10:51:39 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-02 随梦飞扬

    具有生物标志物的80%以上的依赖性与基因表达的变化有关(上调或下调)。突变(通常是支持一个基因作为药物靶点的理由)仅占生物标志物相关依赖性(biomarker-associateddependencies)的16%。

    0

  7. 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2017, time=2017-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255281, encodeId=3acd255281e9, content=关键基因图谱., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 07:23:08 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960348, encodeId=344e1960348d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Mon Jun 18 16:49:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=240962, encodeId=29a52409624b, content=769个癌症关键基因., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Sep 06 07:34:48 CST 2017, time=2017-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=229252, encodeId=bfff229252a6, content=具有生物标志物的80%以上的依赖性与基因表达的变化有关(上调或下调)。突变(通常是支持一个基因作为药物靶点的理由)仅占生物标志物相关依赖性(biomarker-associateddependencies)的16%。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 21:42:07 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228820, encodeId=0023228820d0, content=这个研究真是大工程!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 11:47:24 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228801, encodeId=6f2d228801c3, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=353a2047758, createdName=137****9095, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 10:51:39 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-02 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

  8. 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 21:42:07 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228820, encodeId=0023228820d0, content=这个研究真是大工程!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 11:47:24 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228801, encodeId=6f2d228801c3, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=353a2047758, createdName=137****9095, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 10:51:39 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-01 doctorJiangchao

    谢谢分享。

    0

  9. 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 21:42:07 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228820, encodeId=0023228820d0, content=这个研究真是大工程!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 11:47:24 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228801, encodeId=6f2d228801c3, content=henhao, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2VdicMnaLeK2Im5gKx4Ucxd8Bwu6S7RG0uILBFQx5HTW2bU4VricDYlQqN20ibASSMYAeGrZrrTpy2Q/0, createdBy=353a2047758, createdName=137****9095, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 10:51:39 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-01 Jianghuiqin

    这个研究真是大工程!!!

    0

  10. 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    2017-08-01 137****9095

    henhao

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