Science重磅:能广谱中和HIV病毒的抗体真的要来了!

2017-09-21 佚名 药明康德

顶尖学术期刊《科学》在线刊登了一项重磅研究——知名医药企业赛诺菲(Sanofi)与美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)的联合团队发现,一款“三合一”抗体能有效在猴子体内广谱中和SHIV(猴/人免疫缺陷病毒)!这让我们看到了艾滋病疫苗问世的曙光。

顶尖学术期刊《科学》在线刊登了一项重磅研究——知名医药企业赛诺菲(Sanofi)与美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)的联合团队发现,一款“三合一”抗体能有效在猴子体内广谱中和SHIV(猴/人免疫缺陷病毒)!这让我们看到了艾滋病疫苗问世的曙光。


艾滋病的危害毋庸多言。几十年来,科学家们一直在尝试开发有效的艾滋病疫苗,结果却并不如人意。其中一个很大的个原因在于HIV这类病毒的遗传多样性。能够在一名患者体内识别HIV病毒关键结构的抗体,未必能在另一名患者里起到同样的效果。哪怕是同一名患者体内,随着时间推移,HIV病毒的关键结构也有可能发生改变。因此,面向广泛人群的HIV抗体极难研发。

要攻克这一难题,关键是让抗体识别尽可能多的HIV病毒结构。这样一来,即便某种结构在接受抗体的患者中不存在,至少抗体还能识别其他结构,起到控制病毒的作用。这正是研究人员们的思路。


“通过将结合HIV病毒不同位点的抗体进行组装,我们有望能攻克这种病毒的防御机制,带来基于抗体的有效治疗和预防手段,”NIH下属国家过敏及传染性疾病研究所(NIAID)主任Anthony S. Fauci博士说道:“结合三个HIV病毒独特位点的抗体是个非常值得研究者们探索的想法。”

在这个思路的引导下,科研团队从三种能结合HIV病毒的抗体中,提取出了各自的关键部分,并将他们组装到一起,打造了多款“三合一”的抗体。它们能够结合三个独立的HIV-1病毒衣壳结构:CD4结合位点、近膜外部区域(MPER)、以及VIV2聚糖位点。按设想,这些三合一抗体应能比普通的抗体起到更好的效果。


▲三合一抗体的示意图,蓝色、绿色与紫色部分均能识别不同的病毒结构(图片来源:《科学》)

在动物实验中,一款新抗体(由VRC01,PGDM1400,以及10E8v4三种抗体组成)的预防效果得到了有效的检验!实验里,研究人员将24只猴子分为3组,每组8只。在第一组中,研究人员为它们注射了VRC01;第二组中,猴子们接受了PGDM1400的注射;第三组中,猴子则接受了全新的三合一抗体。5天后,研究人员又进一步在猴子体内注射了两种SHIV病毒,其中一种能被VRC01所中和,另一种能被PGDM1400中和。如果新抗体能正常工作,那么接受了新抗体的猴子应该能同时免于这两种SHIV病毒的感染

▲三合一抗体(黑色)有效防止了两种SHIV病毒的感染(图片来源:《科学》)

这正是研究人员们所观察到的结果!在第一组与第二组猴子中,由于接受的单特异性抗体只能对特定SHIV病毒进行中和,它们不可避免地被另一种SHIV病毒所感染。而在接受了三合一抗体的8只猴子中,没有一只被SHIV病毒感染!这说明这款新病毒能在猴子体内对多种SHIV进行有效的预防。


研究人员们对这个结果极为兴奋。“当你用单特异性抗体去针对HIV,这些病毒会很快产生耐药性。开发出三合一抗体,对我们来说是非常关键的一步!”该研究的负责人之一Gary J. Nabel博士说道:“这些抗体非常强效,因此它们能在很低的浓度下工作,并比其他自然产生的单特异性抗体要提供更广谱的保护作用。它让我们能更好地应对HIV病毒。”

在猴子实验中取得出色的成果后,研究人员的下一步计划是开展人类临床试验。预期他们将同时招募健康人与HIV病毒感染患者,评估三合一抗体在预防/治疗HIV感染上的安全性与有效性。我们期待这能带来HIV感染的终极疗法。

原始出处:
Ling Xu, Amarendra Pegu, Ercole Rao, et al.Trispecific broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies mediate potent SHIV protection in macaques.Science. 20 Sep 2017:eaan8630DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8630

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    2017-09-24 游手好闲

    学习了

    0

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    2017-09-22 jichang
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    2017-09-22 xxxx1054
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    2017-09-21 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢分享.

    0