超声诊断重复肾、双输尿管畸形伴输尿管移行细胞癌1例

2019-01-11 杨元 刘洋 高波 临床超声医学杂志

患者女,62岁,因见肉眼血尿来我院就诊。呈全程血尿,颜色淡红,无明显血凝块,伴尿痛,无尿频尿急。超声检查:左肾皮质萎缩变薄,左肾集合系统分为上下两团状强回声,互不相连,上方集合系统光带分离30mm,下方集合系统光带分离40mm,两个集合系统分别向外伸出输尿管,两条输尿管在距肾门约50mm处相互融合,并向下方延伸,左侧输尿管全程扩张,中下段输尿管腔内见软组织回声,长约60mm,与管壁分界不清(图1)

患者女,62岁,因见肉眼血尿来我院就诊。呈全程血尿,颜色淡红,无明显血凝块,伴尿痛,无尿频尿急。超声检查:左肾皮质萎缩变薄,左肾集合系统分为上下两团状强回声,互不相连,上方集合系统光带分离30mm,下方集合系统光带分离40mm,两个集合系统分别向外伸出输尿管,两条输尿管在距肾门约50mm处相互融合,并向下方延伸,左侧输尿管全程扩张,中下段输尿管腔内见软组织回声,长约60mm,与管壁分界不清(图1);CDFI示其内未见明显血流信号(图2)。
 
图1 重复肾、双输尿管畸形伴输尿管移行细胞癌声像图(LK:左肾;UR:输尿管;箭头示上、下输尿管融合处)
 

图2 重复肾、双输尿管畸形伴输尿管移行细胞癌CDFI图(UR:输尿管;箭头示输尿管腔内软组织占位)
 
超声提示:左侧输尿管扩张伴中下段占位;左肾重度积水;左侧重复肾伴双输尿管。左侧输尿管镜检查+活检:于输尿管中下段处见息肉样占位组织,充满输尿管腔;镜下取占位组织数块。病理诊断:(左侧输尿管中下段占位)输尿管移行细胞癌Ⅱ~Ⅲ级(图3)。


 图3 重复肾、双输尿管畸形伴输尿管移行细胞癌病理图(HE染色,×100)
 
讨论:
 
重复肾双输尿管畸形是一种比较少见的泌尿系统先天性疾病,可分为完全型与不完全型两类,完全型有两个输尿管开口,一般与下位肾盂相连的输尿管开口于膀胱三角区,与上位肾盂相连的输尿管则通常异位开口于膀胱三角区以外的膀胱壁或膀胱外盆腔;不完全型的上、下位肾盂均发出输尿管,走行一段距离后融合为一条,呈“Y”形输尿管。本例即属于不完全型,由于上、下位肾盂和输尿管积水明显,超声表现典型,较易诊断。输尿管肿瘤在泌尿系统肿瘤中更为少见,由于输尿管位于腹膜后,加上肠腔气体的干扰,超声对输尿管占位性病变很难检出,漏诊率高。
 
本例患者输尿管全程扩张明显,由上而下扫查不难发现占位性病变。最终确断仍有赖于病理检查。同时,对疑似输尿管占位患者可行输尿管镜检查+活检,有利于疾病的早期诊断和治疗。
 
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患者,男,20岁。因无意中发现左侧颈部肿物7d就诊,自觉无明显不适,专科查体:左侧颈部可触及一椭圆形肿物,呈搏动性,质中,境界清楚,活动度欠佳,不伴局部肿痛,不伴饮水呛咳和声音嘶哑,皮肤色泽正常,血压正常。行超声检查,左侧颈部皮下软组织内可见大小约4.1 cm×2.7 cm的低回声团,形态规则,边界清楚,位于颈内动脉与颈外动脉之间,CDFI:团块内可见条状血流信号,似可见颈动脉分支供血。

体检超声:要质量还是数量?

现实中,体检超声的进展速度直接与受检者的投诉量直接挂钩,大多数情况下,体检部门的管理人员为了平息“上帝”的怨气,而不得不对超声医生施加无奈的压力:“某某某,请做的快一些!”超声医生们也往往一声叹息,其实受害最深的还是这些”上帝”们。

经典超声内镜病例之实性假乳头状瘤

四个经典病例与大家分享实性假乳头状瘤的超声内镜图像。

超声诊断腹膜后平滑肌肉瘤1例

患者男,23岁。发现左侧腰部包块伴腰部隐痛4个余月入院。超声示:左侧输尿管跨髂血管分叉处探及一大小约为59mm×48mm×45mm低回声,形态呈分叶状(图1a)。