Nature:每一个结直肠癌细胞都不同

2018-04-15 佚名 生物探索

肿瘤组织起源于一个细胞,在肿瘤细胞无限扩增的过程中,细胞会获得不同于其他细胞的遗传和表型信息。在最新的一项研究中,科学家们发现,与正常细胞相比,结直肠癌细胞的突变率明显增加,而且,肿瘤组织中的每一个细胞都是独一无二的。

这一研究于4月11日在线发表在《Nature》期刊,由来自英国Wellcome Sanger研究所、荷兰Hubrecht研究所的科学家们完成。他们利用最新的单细胞、有机技术解析了结直肠癌(Colorectal cancer)的突变过程。

结直肠癌是全球第三大最常见癌症,占所有癌症病例的10%。仅在英国,每年有超4.1万人会被确诊患有这一疾病。已有研究表明,结直肠癌包含对治疗有不同反应的亚克隆,然而迄今为止,科学家们还未能破解肿瘤内部多样性的程度和特征。

在最新的研究中,团队从3名结直肠癌患者身上获取肿瘤组织以及周围健康的肠隐窝,从中分离出单细胞,并以单细胞为基础培育出类器官(organoids),即3D版迷你肠组织。

文章通讯作者之一、荷兰Hubrecht研究所的Hans Clevers教授表示:“类器官之前从未被应用于研究单个癌细胞。实验室的Nobuo Sasaki从肿瘤中分离出多个单细胞,并在体外培育成类器官。这给予我们从单细胞水平研究癌症突变的可能——通过对比来源于同一组织的正常细胞、癌变细胞的差异,从而解析癌症发生、发展的过程。”

研究揭示,结直肠癌细胞会表现出广泛的突变多样性,而且突变率比正常的肠细胞多几倍。同时,肠癌组织中每一个细胞遗传信息都不同。

这项研究还表明,肿瘤细胞的突变进程与健康细胞有着显着的差异。值得注意的是,在癌症确诊之前的很多年,突变率就已经发生改变。研究人员认为,这一时间窗能够为未来的诊断提供线索,有望成为检测到细胞早期突变率上升的关键期。

文章通讯作者、Wellcome Sanger研究所的Sir Mike Stratton教授表示,这一研究可以为我们提供癌症发生方式的细节。通过比较个体健康细胞、肿瘤细胞的突变模式,我们可以了解到突变的状态,从而寻找到引发突变的原因。此外,了解突变的起源,有助于我们避免可能的风险因素,最终减少癌症的发生。

原始出处:

Sophie F. Roerink, Nobuo Sasaki, Henry Lee-Six,et al. Intra-tumour diversification in colorectal cancer at the single-cell level, Nature (2018). nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0024-3.

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    2018-08-23 liye789132251
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    2018-04-17 yxch36
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    2018-04-15 kafei

    学习学习.谢谢

    0

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    2018-04-15 明月清辉

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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