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学术不端的十大类别

2016-03-04 Helen Eassom willy中国

学术不端SCI论文
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2014年，我们发表了《Wiley针对抄袭的举措》。对于每一篇使用ScholarOne系统提交到Wiley开放获取期刊的稿件，iThenticate反抄袭软件会自动生成一份报告，这一惠及编辑和作者双方的过程，可确保开放获取的流程具有更高的学术伦理规范。 然而抄袭仍然是学术出版业的一大问题。为了解决屡见不鲜的抄袭问题，我们需要更深刻地认识抄袭的本质。 根据这个思路，iThenti

2014年，我们发表了《Wiley针对抄袭的举措》。对于每一篇使用ScholarOne系统提交到Wiley开放获取期刊的稿件，iThenticate反抄袭软件会自动生成一份报告，这一惠及编辑和作者双方的过程，可确保开放获取的流程具有更高的学术伦理规范。

然而抄袭仍然是学术出版业的一大问题。为了解决屡见不鲜的抄袭问题，我们需要更深刻地认识抄袭的本质。

根据这个思路，iThenticate对科学研究人员进行了一个调查。调查中，受访者对不同学术不端类型的常见性和严重程度进行了打分。

调查显示学术不端行为中最常见的前五种为：文字抄袭、重复性研究、二次引用、重复使用、大段剽窃。



下图给出了学术不端的十种类型，以及人们认为的常见性和严重程度。查看该调查。

学术不端行为按严重程度从低到高排列分别是：



1 二次引用：引用的内容是所引用的论文中引用他人的研究的内容，而没有从原始论文中直接引用

2 无效内容来源：引用不正确的或捏造的内容来源

3 重复使用：自我引用而不加说明，或者一次性成果反复使用

4 文字抄袭：盗用他人的词句段落进行改写，分为部分抄袭和全篇抄袭

5 重复性研究：在一个新的研究中，以相同或相近的方法，重复他人研究、实验和数据，而未予恰当标注或说明

6 一稿多投：一篇论文提交到多个刊物

7 不正当署名：删除有重大贡献的作者名字；或者未完整准确列出作者，未充分反映各个作者的贡献

8 失范合作：有合作关系的人员违反行为守则，有意或无意地使用合作出的成果内容等而不做合适的标注或声明

9 大段剽窃：大段抄袭别人的文字，而不提供适当的标注和引用说明

10 完全抄袭：把他人的稿件、研究成果等直接换成自己的名字发表

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67478, encodeId=76086e47837, content=晋级体制的产物, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 09:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1422907, encodeId=4ea4142290eba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1577455242b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学术不端#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45524, encryptionId=1577455242b, topicName=学术不端)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ab083745878, createdName=ewsr2, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67403, encodeId=24606e40399, content=引文也有学问啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=014b25346, createdName=tswj126, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 20:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67265, encodeId=b3eb6e265fa, content=可能是被逼, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67266, encodeId=3f5a6e26615, content=无可奈何, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67267, encodeId=0dcf6e26749, content=有市场，就有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-06 老段

    晋级体制的产物

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67478, encodeId=76086e47837, content=晋级体制的产物, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 09:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1422907, encodeId=4ea4142290eba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1577455242b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学术不端#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45524, encryptionId=1577455242b, topicName=学术不端)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ab083745878, createdName=ewsr2, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67403, encodeId=24606e40399, content=引文也有学问啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=014b25346, createdName=tswj126, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 20:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67265, encodeId=b3eb6e265fa, content=可能是被逼, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67266, encodeId=3f5a6e26615, content=无可奈何, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67267, encodeId=0dcf6e26749, content=有市场，就有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-06 ewsr2

    #学术不端#

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67478, encodeId=76086e47837, content=晋级体制的产物, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 09:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1422907, encodeId=4ea4142290eba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1577455242b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学术不端#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45524, encryptionId=1577455242b, topicName=学术不端)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ab083745878, createdName=ewsr2, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67403, encodeId=24606e40399, content=引文也有学问啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=014b25346, createdName=tswj126, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 20:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67265, encodeId=b3eb6e265fa, content=可能是被逼, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67266, encodeId=3f5a6e26615, content=无可奈何, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67267, encodeId=0dcf6e26749, content=有市场，就有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-05 tswj126

    引文也有学问啊

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67478, encodeId=76086e47837, content=晋级体制的产物, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 09:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1422907, encodeId=4ea4142290eba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1577455242b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学术不端#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45524, encryptionId=1577455242b, topicName=学术不端)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ab083745878, createdName=ewsr2, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67403, encodeId=24606e40399, content=引文也有学问啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=014b25346, createdName=tswj126, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 20:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67265, encodeId=b3eb6e265fa, content=可能是被逼, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67266, encodeId=3f5a6e26615, content=无可奈何, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67267, encodeId=0dcf6e26749, content=有市场，就有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-05 忠诚向上

    可能是被逼

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67478, encodeId=76086e47837, content=晋级体制的产物, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 09:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1422907, encodeId=4ea4142290eba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1577455242b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学术不端#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45524, encryptionId=1577455242b, topicName=学术不端)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ab083745878, createdName=ewsr2, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67403, encodeId=24606e40399, content=引文也有学问啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=014b25346, createdName=tswj126, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 20:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67265, encodeId=b3eb6e265fa, content=可能是被逼, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67266, encodeId=3f5a6e26615, content=无可奈何, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67267, encodeId=0dcf6e26749, content=有市场，就有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-05 忠诚向上

    无可奈何

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67478, encodeId=76086e47837, content=晋级体制的产物, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 09:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1422907, encodeId=4ea4142290eba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1577455242b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学术不端#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45524, encryptionId=1577455242b, topicName=学术不端)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ab083745878, createdName=ewsr2, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67403, encodeId=24606e40399, content=引文也有学问啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=014b25346, createdName=tswj126, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 20:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67265, encodeId=b3eb6e265fa, content=可能是被逼, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67266, encodeId=3f5a6e26615, content=无可奈何, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67267, encodeId=0dcf6e26749, content=有市场，就有, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-05 忠诚向上

    有市场，就有

    0

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