Nature:大牛David Liu全新Nature,“升级版”Cas9,让基因编辑更灵活**

2018-03-06 佚名 生物探索

近期,就在张锋、Jennifer Doudna争先发表最新成果的同时,同样在CRISPR领域有“大神”之称的David R. Liu教授也在Nature期刊发表了一项突破性成果。他带领团队获得了一种“升级版”的Cas9酶,并证实可以编辑更多的基因位点。


David Liu(Credit: Martin Adolfsson)

自2012年被证实具有基因组编辑功能以来,CRISPR/Cas9已经成为深受实验室喜欢的工具,并在纠正致病突变、寻找癌症免疫疗法的必需基因、解决器官异种移植关键难题等领域创造了多个突破和成果。但是该技术仍然存在一些局限性,例如“编辑范围有限”、“脱靶效应”等。

很多研究团队一直试图优化这一工具。哈佛大学/Broad研究所的化学生物学家David R. Liu就是其中一员。2月28日,其团队在《Nature》期刊在线发表了题为“Evolved Cas9 variants with broad PAM compatibility and high DNA specificity”的文章。他们研发出一种Cas9酶的变体,是基础版酿脓链球菌Cas9酶(SpCas9)的“升级版”。


doi:10.1038/nature26155

David R. Liu将其命名为“xCas9”,并证实其在基因编辑时更灵活、更精确——可以靶向更多的基因位点,并减少“错误编辑”的风险。

CRISPR系统的关键在于Cas9酶在引导RNA(gRNA)的指引下负责切割特定的DNA序列。其中,spCas9的识别依赖于特定的PAM序列(位于编辑位点附近),该序列的一个末端是由特定的三碱基排列组成的。这种排列简称为N,由组成DNA的任一种碱基(A、G、C、T)再加上2个鸟嘌呤(G)组成。反观人类基因组,只有1/16的区域含有此类PAM序列(NGG)。这无疑限制了基因编辑的范围。


The genome editor CRISPR cuts DNA with help from a guide RNA (green and red) and a Cas9 enzyme (outline) that latches onto a three-base sequence (yellow). KC ROEYER/UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

为了打破这一局限,David R. Liu实验室尝试改造,使其能够在多种PAM序列旁进行切割。通过phage-assisted continuous evolution(PACE)方法,最终他们获得了xCas9——其可以广泛识别多种PAM序列,包括NG、GAA和GAT,编辑范围至少增加了4倍,可以靶向编辑基因组的1/4区域。

研究团队对xCas9进行多种测试,验证其与“base editors”工具结合时置换单个剪辑的能力。让他们惊喜的是,相比于Cas9,xCas9错误编辑的概率降低了。

David R. Liu强调,对于xCas9酶的潜能,依然需要时间验证。他和团队目前只测试了几十个位点,相比于xCas9成千上万的目标只是“冰山一角”。“我并不能确定,xCas9一定优于spCas9。所以我希望更多的人来检测它,因为我想知道答案。” David R. Liu表示道。

原始出处:

Johnny H. Hu, Shannon M. Miller, Maarten H. Geurts, et.al. Evolved Cas9 variants with broad PAM compatibility and high DNA specificity. Nature 28 February 2018

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    2018-12-09 liye789132251
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    2018-03-08 respect
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    2018-03-08 yaanren