Nat Commun:新款血脑屏障芯片更真实地重现生理机能

2020-02-15 小通 生物通

如今,美国乔治亚理工学院领导的研究团队设计出一种研究血脑屏障的新方法,对药物开发商大有帮助。他们在芯片上培养出人类的血脑屏障,比以往的芯片更真实地重现了其生理机能。

如今,美国乔治亚理工学院领导的研究团队设计出一种研究血脑屏障的新方法,对药物开发商大有帮助。他们在芯片上培养出人类的血脑屏障,比以往的芯片更真实地重现了其生理机能。

在大脑和循环系统之间,站着一名严格的安保人员。他能够阻止某些有害的物质由血液进入脑组织,从而保持脑组织内环境的基本稳定。然而,这个名为血脑屏障的安保人员也阻止了治疗阿尔茨海默病或癌症的试验药物进入大脑。

如今,美国乔治亚理工学院领导的研究团队设计出一种研究血脑屏障的新方法,对药物开发商大有帮助。他们在芯片上培养出人类的血脑屏障,比以往的芯片更真实地重现了其生理机能。这项成果于本周发表在《Nature Communications》杂志上。

血脑屏障的中心成分是星形胶质细胞。人类大脑中的星形胶质细胞与脉管系统中的内皮细胞相互作用,共同形成了血脑屏障。不过,星形胶质细胞出了名的挑剔,这使其很难用生理相关的方式来培养。新款芯片采用3D而非2D方式培养细胞,从而满足了星形胶质细胞的敏感性。

文章通讯作者、乔治亚理工学院的副教授YongTae Kim表示:“你需要在健康的状态下模拟芯片上的组织。如果我们无法建立健康状态的模型,那么我们也无法真正建立疾病模型,因为我们没办法准确测定它。”

在这款芯片上,星形胶质细胞在3D空间下看起来更加自然,呈现原本的星星状。相比之下,它们在2D环境下看起来像个煎蛋。该芯片为人类血脑屏障的研究增添了可靠性。“到目前为止,没有一种动物模型能够与人类血脑屏障的复杂功能相提并论。我们需要更好的人类模型,因为成功进入动物大脑的试验药物无法突破人类的屏障,”Kim说。

大脑是人体中唯一配备星形胶质细胞的结构。这种星星状的细胞以自己独特的方式调节营养的摄取和废物的清除。“根据大脑的要求,星形胶质细胞与脉管系统实时协作,仅打开门吸收少量的水和营养物。”Kim说。

星形胶质细胞在膜上形成一种称为aquaporin-4的蛋白结构。这种结构与脉管系统相接触,以控制水分子的进出,同时也有助于清除大脑中的废物。以前的芯片未观察到aquaporin-4的表达。“这款芯片是第一个,”Kim说。“这对研究阿尔茨海默病很重要,因为aquaporin-4能够清除大脑中分解的垃圾蛋白。”

在药物输送的试验中,纳米粒子在与内皮细胞受体结合后穿过血脑屏障,具体过程是内皮细胞吞噬粒子,然后在自然环境下将其转运至大脑内部。与3D培养的星形胶质细胞相连时,内皮细胞能够更好地发挥作用。

Kim表示,这个例子说明了如何利用新芯片来研究药物是否可穿过血脑屏障,这是动物模型无法做到的。“由于动物与人类之间的种间差异,这种试验不适用于动物模型,”他说。

原始出处:Song Ih Ahn, Yoshitaka J. Sei, Hyun-Ji Park, et al. Microengineered human blood–brain barrier platform for understanding nanoparticle transport mechanisms. Nat Commun. 10 January 2020

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    2020-10-23 liye789132251
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    2020-02-27 飛歌

    学习了,很有用不錯

    0

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    2020-02-16 lixiaol

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