LANCET:极早产儿肠内乳铁蛋白补充

2019-02-02 MedSci MedSci原创

院感是早产儿发病和死亡的重要原因。一些小型试验表明,在极早产儿的肠道饮食中补充乳铁蛋白(一种从牛奶中加工而成的抗菌蛋白)可以预防感染和相关并发症。这项大型随机对照试验的目的是收集相关数据以提高以往试验证据的有效性和适用性,病为实践提供信息。

在这个随机安慰剂对照试验中,研究人员随机招募了37家英国医院在妊娠32周之前出生、年龄在72小时以下的早产儿。排除标准是存在严重的先天性异常,预期肠内禁食超过14天,或没有生存的可能。将符合条件的婴儿随机分配(1:1),分别给予肠内牛乳铁蛋白(150mg /kg / d / d);最大300毫克/;乳铁蛋白组)或蔗糖(同剂量;对照组)每日1次,至月经后34周。基于web的随机化最小化了招聘网站、妊娠期(完成周数)、性别以及单胎妊娠和多胎妊娠。家长、看护者和结果评估人员不知道小组作业。主要结果为微生物学证实或临床怀疑的迟发性感染(出生后72小时发生>),通过计算两组间95% CI的相对危险率,对所有获得主要结果数据的受试者进行评估。该试验在国际标准随机对照试验编号为88261002

201457日至2017928日招募了2203名参与者,其中将1099人分配到乳铁蛋白组,1104人被分配到对照组。4例患儿同意撤回或未确认,乳铁蛋白组患儿1098例,蔗糖组患儿1101例。2182例婴儿(乳铁蛋白组1098例中1093[99.5%],对照组1101例中1089[99.0])的初步结果数据可纳入修改后的意向治疗分析。干预组的1093名婴儿中有316(29%)后发感染,对照组的1089名婴儿中有334(31%)后发感染。经最小化因子调整后的风险比为0.95 (95% CI 0·86 1·04;p = 0·233)。试验期间乳铁蛋白组患儿发生严重不良事件16例,对照组患儿发生严重不良事件10例。乳铁蛋白组发生的两起事件(一例粪便中有血,一例肠穿孔后死亡),并被评估为可能与试验干预有关。

研究表明,肠内补充牛乳铁蛋白不能降低极早产儿迟发性感染的风险。目前这些研究数据不支持其常规用于预防迟发感染和极早产儿的相关发病率或死亡率。

原始出处:

The ELFIN trial investigators group, Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for very preterm infants: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

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