Cell Rep:华人学者找到控制癌细胞沉睡的开关

2017-09-27 佚名 药明康德

为什么癌症容易复发?许多研究人员将其归咎于“沉睡的癌细胞”。这些癌细胞对抗癌疗法不敏感,往往能躲过医生的精心治疗。而当它们从沉睡中苏醒,癌症也就卷土重来。

为什么癌症容易复发?许多研究人员将其归咎于“沉睡的癌细胞”。这些癌细胞对抗癌疗法不敏感,往往能躲过医生的精心治疗。而当它们从沉睡中苏醒,癌症也就卷土重来。

如果找到控制癌细胞沉睡的开关,我们或许就能开发出更好的抗癌疗法。今日,《细胞》子刊《Cell Reports》上就刊登了这样一则研究——来自亚利桑那大学(The University of Arizona)癌症中心的姚广教授团队发现,Rb-E2F信号网络是控制癌细胞“深睡”、“浅睡”的关键。

什么?癌细胞也有深睡和浅睡的区别?没错。在这里,浅睡的癌细胞是指那些容易苏醒,开始分裂的细胞群体,深睡的癌细胞则是指不容易苏醒的细胞群体。在普通的肿瘤中,那些醒着的癌细胞会快速分裂,这正中许多抗癌疗法的下怀。以化疗为例,许多疗法针对的就是这些快速分裂的细胞。然而,如果在使用化疗的过程中,癌细胞保持沉睡,化疗对它们也就无能为力了。因此,了解哪些细胞浅睡,哪些深睡,它们怎样从沉睡转为苏醒,对癌症的治疗有着很大的意义。

“我们想要让沉睡的癌细胞睡得更浅,”姚广教授说:“这样它们在抗癌疗法中就无所遁形。”正如姚广教授所言,他的团队想要做的,就是找到方法让癌细胞睡得浅一点,使它们更容易受环境影响而苏醒,从而被抗癌疗法杀伤。从另一个角度看,这能降低癌症复发的风险。另外,如果研究人员能掉转方向,让癌细胞陷入“昏迷”,同样也能降低癌症复发的风险。

为了找到这样的方法,科学家们从先前的研究中寻找到了灵感。他们发现,Rb-E2F信号网络在许多正常细胞的分裂和沉睡中扮演了重要功能。那么,这个信号网络会不会也同样影响了癌症的分裂呢?

▲计算机模型能用来预测不同基因对熟睡程度的影响(图片来源:《Cell Reports》)
作为癌症系统生物学的专家,姚广教授在构建信号通路模型上有着大量成功经验。他的团队利用计算机建立了一个模型,来模拟Rb-E2F信号网络——在模型中,通过调整某些基因的表达量,研究人员可以估计对癌细胞熟睡程度的影响。随后,他们在活体细胞中检验模型预测的靠谱程度。

后续的研究不但证实了这个预测模型的准确性,还做出了一个意外发现——这个信号网络并不是简单粗暴地分为“苏醒”和“睡眠”两档,而是有着多个调节的阶段。“Rb-E2F信号网络的不同部分能以不同的程度影响熟睡程度,这就好像有些开关能让灯发出不同亮度的光。”姚广教授说。举例来说,高表达Myc基因就像每天早晨的闹铃一样,只能让癌细胞小幅度清醒,而高表达Cyclin D基因就像被子突然被掀开,让癌细胞大幅清醒。因此,后者也更有可能使沉睡中的癌细胞苏醒,从而遭受化疗的攻击。

▲这项研究的图示(图片来源:《Cell Reports》)

“了解这个‘渐变开关’的机制能让我们更好地了解细胞的沉睡程度,从而让我们更好地靶向这些细胞,”姚广教授评论道:“我们正在研究Rb-E2F如何与其他控制沉睡的调控通路互动,这有望能带来针对沉睡癌细胞的新疗法。”

原始出处:
Jungeun Sarah Kwon, Nicholas J. Everetts, Xia Wang, et al.Controlling Depth of Cellular Quiescence by an Rb-E2F Network Switch.cell reports.Volume 20, Issue 13, p3223–3235, 26 September 2017 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.007

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    2018-09-12 维他命
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    2017-09-29 yxch36
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    2017-09-27 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

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