Nature:组织活检与3D技术两开花,揭秘癌症之王起源!

2019-01-31 Paris 转化医学网

近日,由弗朗西斯·克里克研究所的科学家们开发了一种新技术,利用三维成像技术研究组织样本揭秘胰腺癌起源,解决了困扰大家几十年的胰腺癌形成之谜:胰腺癌以两种不同的方式发生发展。

2011年10月5日,苹果公司创办人史蒂夫·乔布斯因患胰腺癌病逝,享年56岁。在哀悼之余,胰腺癌也走入了大众的视野。胰腺癌是一种恶性程度很高,诊断和治疗都很困难的消化道恶性肿瘤,被称为“癌中之王”。

近日,由弗朗西斯·克里克研究所的科学家们开发了一种新技术,利用三维成像技术研究组织样本揭秘胰腺癌起源,解决了困扰大家几十年的胰腺癌形成之谜:胰腺癌以两种不同的方式发生发展。他们的研究结果以“Tissue curvature and apicobasal mechanical tension imbalance instruct cancer morphogenesis”为题刊登在顶级医学期刊《Nature》杂志上。

胰腺癌大多起源于腺管上皮细胞,称为导管细胞癌,占胰腺癌的90%以上。,然而目前为止,人们只能看到这些导管癌的二维切片,其中包含了无法解释的各种异常形状。这些不同形状的肿瘤决定了胰腺癌的良恶性及患者的生存期,而为了弄清这些,就不得不提起胰腺癌的起源了。

研究人员花了六年的时间开发了一种新的方法来从三个方面分析癌症活检。该研究论文的主要作者之一、弗朗西斯·克里克研究所的亨德里克·梅西尔博士表示:这项技术表明:癌在导管壁中发展,并根据导管的大小向内生长或向外生长。这解释了几十年来一直在二维病理切片中看到的各种形状差异。

在肿瘤发生过程中,转化细胞过度增殖,上皮细胞结构被破坏。然而,导致肿瘤组织形态异常的生物物理参数尚不清楚。动物实验模型表明上皮细胞肿瘤的形态是由转化细胞中细胞骨架的变化和现有的管状结构相互作用决定的。

图片显示了生长在老鼠胰管内的癌症。这项技术是用一种新技术来研究3D组织样本的,这表明癌症可以从内生性的肿瘤开始生长到导管中(如图所示)或向外生生长的肿瘤。

为了分析肿瘤发生过程中组织结构的变化,研究人员发展了一种三维全器官成像技术,可以在单细胞分辨率下进行组织活检。胰管癌变导致两种类型的肿瘤生长:外生性病变,从导管向外扩张,内生性病变向导管腔生长。三维顶点模型模拟和连续的上皮细胞力学理论,结合细胞骨架的变化,表明源上皮的直径决定生长肿瘤的形态。该实验结果也证实了以上论断:当导管直径小于20微米时,肿瘤就会向外生长,大约为50毫米。

数据和动物实验模型都表明,肿瘤生长的两种不同机制纯粹是由于系统的内在物理机制:张力不平衡和组织曲度是上皮性肿瘤发生的基本决定因素。

研究小组还将这项技术应用于其他器官,发现肺癌的气道和肝癌的导管也有同样的表现。这表明该机制并不是胰腺特有的,也适用于其他癌症。

像大多数癌症一样,胰腺导管癌开始于一个有缺陷的细胞分裂,当只有少数细胞时,肿瘤已经开始根据导管直径向内或向外生长。明确这一基本过程将有助于我们更好地了解癌症是如何在身体各部位生长的,从而制定更具体的治疗方案,这进一步推动了精准医学的发展。

这一技术突破有可能解开我们如何理解和治疗胰腺癌中许多非常重要的悬而未决的问题。至关重要的是,这些内在机制可以帮助我们更好地理解癌症的各种表现,从而从根本找出癌症治疗方法,真正做到治标治本。

原始出处:Hendrik A. Messal, Silvanus Alt, et al. Axel Behrens Tissue curvature and apicobasal mechanical tension imbalance instruct cancer morphogenesis. Nature. 30 January 2019

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    2019-08-22 liye789132251
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    2019-02-01 Janeinair

    两开花 两开花

    0

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