Cancer Res:谁说个体化疗法一定昂贵?华人学者有望带来低成本抗癌新手段

2018-03-13 佚名 学术经纬

最近,由华人学者组成的一支科研团队有望带来一款低成本的个体化抗癌疗法。他们巧妙地将细胞改造成“迷你快递员”,将抗癌药准确地送到肿瘤附近,进行治疗。在小鼠实验中,这一设想的可行性已经得到证实。该研究最近发表在《Cancer Research》上。

在许多人的心目中,量身定做的东西一定不便宜。在癌症治疗方面,目前获批的几款为患者量身定做的个体化细胞疗法,其成本也让人惊呼是“天文数字”。

最近,由华人学者组成的一支科研团队有望带来一款低成本的个体化抗癌疗法。他们巧妙地将细胞改造成“迷你快递员”,将抗癌药准确地送到肿瘤附近,进行治疗。在小鼠实验中,这一设想的可行性已经得到证实。该研究最近发表在《Cancer Research》上。


▲递送药物的“迷你快递员”(图片来源:Xin Zou)

从原理上看,这一系统模拟的是生物体中的囊泡。这些小泡能在细胞与细胞之间传递化学信号,促进细胞之间的交流。而这一特性也有望被用来传递药物,针对特定的细胞进行治疗。

这个原理听起来虽然不复杂,但在实际操作上却有两大问题。“目前,天然的纳米囊泡只能从细胞培养液的上清液里提取,在短时间内很难大量收集,”该研究的共同第一作者Yuan Wan博士说道:“另外,这些收集到的囊泡也没有靶向的效果。”


▲该研究的共同第一作者Yuan Wan博士(图片来源:Siyang Zheng教授实验室官网)

用一个巧妙的系统,研究人员们一具解决了这两大难题——该研究负责人之一、宾夕法尼亚州立大学Siyang Zheng教授及其团队设想打碎动物的现成细胞,让它们自发组成大量的囊泡;这些囊泡上倘若能加上配体充当“快递标签”,就能靶向特定的细胞类型。


▲该研究的图示(图片来源:《Cancer Research》)

在实际操作中,研究人员们先分离出了小鼠的自体免疫细胞,并在它们表面加上了靶向癌细胞的配体AS1411。然后,研究人员们又让这些细胞穿过一个筛网。在筛眼的作用下,这些细胞被挤压成了一个一个小囊泡,而每个囊泡上都带有AS1411。随后,研究人员们给这些囊泡装载了药物紫杉醇,测试其治疗癌症的能力。

研究表明,相较直接施用紫杉醇,装载有紫杉醇的囊泡能更好地缩小小鼠肿瘤体积。而AS1411配体则能进一步提高紫杉醇囊泡的治疗效果。


▲装有紫杉醇的囊泡(ENV PTX+)相较直接施用紫杉醇(PTX+),对肿瘤的抑制能力更强(图片来源:《Cancer Research》)

“这个方法能让我们创造带有不同配体的纳米囊泡,以靶向不同类型的肿瘤。我们也可以在一个囊泡上加上多种配体,比如一个配体靶向癌细胞,一个配体对免疫系统说‘别消灭我’。”该研究的负责人之一Siyang Zheng教授说道。


▲该研究的负责人之一Siyang Zheng教授(图片来源:Siyang Zheng教授实验室官网)

令人可喜的不止是这一技术的疗效,还有其制备的便捷。研究人员们指出,只需要1个小时,它们就能完成相关囊泡的制备。而当它注射到小鼠体内后,只要30分钟,就可以很好地散布在组织中,进行治疗。

正如这篇论文摘要中所说的那样,我们期待这一技术能早日在临床上得到验证和应用,为癌症患者们提供低成本的个体化疗法。
原始出处:Yuan Wan, Lixue Wang,Si-Yang Zheng.et al.Aptamer-Conjugated Extracellular Nanovesicles for Targeted Drug Delivery.Cancer Research.February 2018

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    2018-03-14 sunfeifeiyang

    0

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    2018-03-14 神功盖世

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    2018-03-13 13718711b3m

    学习了.获益匪浅.感谢分享

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    2018-03-13 神功盖世

    0

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