Am J Epidemiol:新加坡6万华人追踪,多吃猪牛羊肉者易患糖尿病,吃鸡腿也有问题

2017-09-11 文韬 中国循环杂志

新加坡一项针对华人的研究发现,吃越多猪肉、牛肉或羊肉等红肉,以及鸡肉和鸭肉等禽肉的人,患糖尿病的风险显着增高。

新加坡一项针对华人的研究发现,吃越多猪肉、牛肉或羊肉等红肉,以及鸡肉和鸭肉等禽肉的人,患糖尿病的风险显着增高。

多吃红肉的影响比多吃禽肉大。研究显示,吃最多红肉者患糖尿病的风险比吃最少的人高出23%;吃最多禽肉者患病率则比吃最少禽肉的高出15%。

研究中,吃最多红肉者平均每天吃下约一份红肉,重约1两,分量约一个拳头般大小;吃最少红肉者,平均每天只吃12克红肉,饮食较以蔬菜为主。

作者说,若预防糖尿病,可考虑减少吃红肉的次数,不要天天吃,更不要每餐都吃,最好一周只吃几次,而每次的分量也应减少。

鸡腿属于红肉?

她也建议每天至少有一餐不吃。选吃鸡肉时,选择鸡胸肉,而不是鸡腿,因为腿部属于常运动的部位,有大量的肌球蛋白(myoglobin),属于红肉而不是白肉。

“当然,最好的替代食品是豆类、坚果类、豆腐和牛奶等有丰富蛋白质的植物类食物。”她说。

该研究显示,每天以一份鱼肉或贝壳类海鲜取代饮食中的一份红肉,患糖尿病的风险可减少26%;以鱼肉或贝壳类取代禽肉的减幅为22%。

作者认为,这不是因为鱼肉可降低患病风险,而是因红肉和禽肉会提高风险,所以,用不会提高风险的鱼肉取而代之,患病风险相对吃红肉和禽肉的人低。

红肉中的血红素铁是罪魁

研究人员认为,这主要是因红肉和禽肉所含的血红素铁(heme iron)成分较高。血红素铁较容易被吸收,可令肝脏和胰脏等器官承受更大的氧化应激反应,令胰腺细胞分泌胰岛素的功能和其他正常功能受影响,进而引发糖尿病。

但研究发现,若以血红素铁量较少的禽肉取代红肉,患病风险并不会显着减少。

作者认为,这可能意味着除了血红素铁,红肉还有其他可能的致病物质,但这有待进一步研究才能确定。

对于牛肉所含血红素铁比猪肉多,是否意味着不应吃牛肉,作者说:“我们不会建议完全不吃一些食物,而是减少分量和次数,以及以较健康的选择替代。”

该研究在1993-1998期间开始,对6万多名年龄45岁至74岁的华人进行跟踪。

原始出处:Talaei M, Wang YL, Yuan JM, et al. Meat, dietary heme iron and risk of type 2 diabetes: The Singapore Chinese Health Study.Am J Epidemiol. 2017 May 23

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    2017-09-14 亚丽

    很棒的文章.希望可以让更多的人学习到.

    0

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    2017-09-13 muzishouyi
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    2017-09-12 医张生

    回民以牛羊肉为主.糖尿病是不是更高?我感觉好像--

    0

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    2017-09-12 suibian2007bbb

    学习

    0

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    2017-09-12 戒馋,懒,贪

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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    2017-09-12 飛歌

    厉害了我的哥

    0

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    2017-09-12 毛它

    是Phe高的原因.好吧.

    0

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