Lancet Global Health:全球视力障碍及失明因素分析——1990-2020

2017-10-13 zhangfan MedSci原创

研究发现,随着人口和年龄的增长,视力异常患者人数急剧增加。对于50岁以上人群,白内障和屈光不正是导致失明和中重度视力障碍的主要因素

关于视力残疾和失明原因数据的调查研究对于公共卫生政策制定尤为关键。近日研究人员考察了1990-2015年间全球失明以及视力障碍主要因素,并对2020年全球视力障碍情况进行了预测。

研究人员对1980-2014年间相关研究数据进行了系统综述和荟萃分析,并建立回归模型来估计中重度视力损害(较好眼视力检查成绩<6/18但≥3/60)和失明(较好眼视力检查成绩<3/60)患者数量。

来自98个国家,288项研究纳入本次荟萃分析,患者总数3983541人。研究发现2015年全球重度视力障碍的人口数约2.16亿(80% CI,0.98亿-3.59亿),主要因素包括未校正的屈光不正 (1.16亿), 白内障 (0.52亿), 老年性黄斑变性(820万), 青光眼(400万)以及糖尿病视网膜病 (260万)。2015年全球失明人口3600万,主要失明因素包括白内障(1260万), 未校正的屈光不正(740万)以及青光眼 (290万)。研究预计至2020年,全球范围内中重度视力障碍患者人数约2.37亿,未校正的屈光不正患者人数预计达到1.27亿,白内障患者人数预计达到5700万,老年性黄斑变性患者人数预计为880万,青光眼患者人数约450万,糖尿病视网膜病人数预计达到320万。研究预计到2020年,全球范围内失明患者数将到达3850万,白内障失明患者人数将达到1340万,未校正的屈光不正导致的失明患者人数将达到800万,青光眼患者失明人数将达到320万。2015年,50岁以上患者中,白内障和屈光不正导致的患者失明和重度视觉障碍比例分别为55%和77%。各地区间视力异常因素存在较大差异性,对于发达国家,白内障患者比例较低(失明比例低于22%,视力障碍比例14.1-15.9%),而老年性黄斑变性患者比例较大。研究发现女性患者因糖尿病视网膜病变和白内障导致视力异常的风险高于男性,而男性患者青光眼和角膜混浊的风险较高,而老年性黄斑变性导致的视力异常不存在显著的性别差异。

研究发现,随着人口和年龄的增长,视力异常患者人数急剧增加。对于50岁以上人群,白内障和屈光不正是导致失明和中重度视力障碍的主要因素。

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    2018-07-02 howi
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    2017-11-20 shizhenshan
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