《中国银屑病诊疗指南(2018简版)》正式发布

2019-06-19 不详 网络

推荐理由:银屑病是一种遗传与环境共同作用诱发、免疫介导的慢性、复发性、炎症性、系统性疾病,典型临床表现为鳞屑性红斑或斑块,局限或广泛分布,无传染性,治疗困难,常罹患终身。据估计,中国银屑病患者约在600万例以上,该病可发生于各年龄段,无性别差异。银屑病的治疗以控制症状、改善生命质量为主。中华医学会皮肤性病学分会银屑病专业委员会按照循证医学原则,在《中国银屑病治疗指南(2008版)》和《中国银屑病治

推荐理由:银屑病是一种遗传与环境共同作用诱发、免疫介导的慢性、复发性、炎症性、系统性疾病,典型临床表现为鳞屑性红斑或斑块,局限或广泛分布,无传染性,治疗困难,常罹患终身。据估计,中国银屑病患者约在600万例以上,该病可发生于各年龄段,无性别差异。银屑病的治疗以控制症状、改善生命质量为主。中华医学会皮肤性病学分会银屑病专业委员会按照循证医学原则,在《中国银屑病治疗指南(2008版)》和《中国银屑病治疗专家共识(2014版)》的基础上,参考国内外最新指南,并结合我国国情,邀请西医和中医领域权威专家组成指南编写委员会,制定出包括中医药治疗在内的具有中国特色的《中国银屑病诊疗指南》,以指导我国银屑病诊疗行为。该指南近日在《中华皮肤科杂志》正式发布。


病因及发病机制

尚未完全清楚。西医认为病因涉及遗传、免疫、环境等多种因素,通过以T淋巴细胞介导为主、多种免疫细胞共同参与的免疫反应,引起角质形成细胞过度增殖、关节滑膜细胞与软骨细胞炎症发生。中医认为本病多属血分热毒炽盛,营血亏耗,瘀血阻滞,化燥生风,肌肤失养。

银屑病的诊断、分型与分期

西医诊断主要依据皮疹特点(包括皮疹形态、境界和分布等)和病史(包括发病情况、演变及消长规律、伴随症状和治疗反应等),结合既往史和家族史,必要时可借助组织病理和影像学技术(如皮肤镜等)明确诊断。包括寻常型银屑病、脓疱型银屑病、红皮病型银屑病、关节病型银屑病。

中医辨证诊断

基本证型包括血热证(见于进行期,炎症为主)、血瘀证(见于静止期,增生为主)、血燥证(见于退行期,皮肤屏障功能障碍为主)、热毒炽盛证(见于红皮病型或泛发性脓疱型)、湿热蕴结证(见于局限性脓疱型)和风湿痹阻证(见于关节病型) 。各证型间可互相转化、演变、兼夹。

共病

银屑病不仅是一种皮肤病,更是一种系统性疾病。特别是中、重度患者,可罹患高脂血症、糖尿病代谢综合征克罗恩病和动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病等系统性疾病。

治疗目的和原则

治疗目的:控制和稳定病情,减缓向全身发展的进程;消除或减轻红斑、鳞屑、斑块等皮损;避免复发或诱发加重的因素;减少不良反应;提高生命质量。

治疗原则:①正规,强调使用指南推荐的治疗药物或方法;②安全,以确保安全为基础,尽量避免不良反应;③个体化,综合考量患者的病情、需求、耐受性、经济承受能力、既往治疗史和药物不良反应等制定合理的治疗方案。

银屑病的局部治疗

外用药物治疗:常用于轻度银屑病患者。坚持外用含神经酰胺/类神经酰胺的保湿剂能降低银屑病复发率和减轻复发时的严重程度。目前,非药物局部保湿剂是国际公认的治疗银屑病的一种标准化辅助治疗方法。

光疗:临床应用最广泛的是窄谱-中波紫外线,适用于中重度寻常型银屑病、关节病型银屑病,红皮病型和脓疱型银屑病患者慎用。长波紫外线联合光敏剂补骨脂素治疗及308 nm准分子激光和308 nm滤过紫外线可用于局限性顽固皮损。

中医外治法:分为中药外治法和非药物疗法。中药外治法包括涂擦、封包、药浴、熏蒸、溻(渍)和穴位注射疗法等。非药物疗法包括火罐、针刺、穴位埋线、火针、三棱针和耳针疗法等。应辨证施治,掌握适应证、禁忌证和操作规范。银屑病的系统治疗药物包括甲氨蝶呤、环孢素、维A酸类和生物制剂。选择中医治疗的轻中度银屑病患者以中医内治法为主。

以患者为中心的心理治疗

疾病管理预防

银屑病也是一种心身疾病, 心理因素在银屑病的诱发、发展及治疗中具有重要作用。因此,心理治疗是银屑病治疗中不可或缺的一部分。同时,还需为患者提供有针对性的医学教育,并加强对全社会的科普宣传,让患者在社会上赢得理解和尊重,消除患者的心理顾虑。患者应不断总结,摸索发病规律,培养良好的生活习惯,配合积极有效的治疗,预防银屑病的发生和复发。

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    2019-06-20 许药师

    很好!解决临床困惑!

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368030, encodeId=490736803067, content=很好!解决临床困惑!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=2, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/06/19/50d5361a1173919af10ff78e1f5bf47e.jpg, createdBy=053e5124026, createdName=许药师, createdTime=Thu Jun 20 00:23:24 CST 2019, time=2019-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368017, encodeId=646336801e3a, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Jun 19 16:01:43 CST 2019, time=2019-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368015, encodeId=3359368015f5, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/2EVCwc9WmQS6ec99H2TX8ejmR40xYjwrIcrqjAnibV36aicL1sLxc21rhpZnqTOxk33HP44iayEwo6qYXqgZvdRtA/132, createdBy=d0d01573846, createdName=329523732, createdTime=Wed Jun 19 14:58:39 CST 2019, time=2019-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368014, encodeId=d5a236801436, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/2EVCwc9WmQS6ec99H2TX8ejmR40xYjwrIcrqjAnibV36aicL1sLxc21rhpZnqTOxk33HP44iayEwo6qYXqgZvdRtA/132, createdBy=d0d01573846, createdName=329523732, createdTime=Wed Jun 19 14:58:30 CST 2019, time=2019-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-06-19 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368030, encodeId=490736803067, content=很好!解决临床困惑!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=2, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/06/19/50d5361a1173919af10ff78e1f5bf47e.jpg, createdBy=053e5124026, createdName=许药师, createdTime=Thu Jun 20 00:23:24 CST 2019, time=2019-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368017, encodeId=646336801e3a, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Jun 19 16:01:43 CST 2019, time=2019-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368015, encodeId=3359368015f5, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/2EVCwc9WmQS6ec99H2TX8ejmR40xYjwrIcrqjAnibV36aicL1sLxc21rhpZnqTOxk33HP44iayEwo6qYXqgZvdRtA/132, createdBy=d0d01573846, createdName=329523732, createdTime=Wed Jun 19 14:58:39 CST 2019, time=2019-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368014, encodeId=d5a236801436, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/2EVCwc9WmQS6ec99H2TX8ejmR40xYjwrIcrqjAnibV36aicL1sLxc21rhpZnqTOxk33HP44iayEwo6qYXqgZvdRtA/132, createdBy=d0d01573846, createdName=329523732, createdTime=Wed Jun 19 14:58:30 CST 2019, time=2019-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-06-19 329523732

    不错

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368030, encodeId=490736803067, content=很好!解决临床困惑!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=2, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/06/19/50d5361a1173919af10ff78e1f5bf47e.jpg, createdBy=053e5124026, createdName=许药师, createdTime=Thu Jun 20 00:23:24 CST 2019, time=2019-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368017, encodeId=646336801e3a, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Jun 19 16:01:43 CST 2019, time=2019-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368015, encodeId=3359368015f5, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/2EVCwc9WmQS6ec99H2TX8ejmR40xYjwrIcrqjAnibV36aicL1sLxc21rhpZnqTOxk33HP44iayEwo6qYXqgZvdRtA/132, createdBy=d0d01573846, createdName=329523732, createdTime=Wed Jun 19 14:58:39 CST 2019, time=2019-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368014, encodeId=d5a236801436, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/2EVCwc9WmQS6ec99H2TX8ejmR40xYjwrIcrqjAnibV36aicL1sLxc21rhpZnqTOxk33HP44iayEwo6qYXqgZvdRtA/132, createdBy=d0d01573846, createdName=329523732, createdTime=Wed Jun 19 14:58:30 CST 2019, time=2019-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-06-19 329523732

    不错

    0