Genetics:研究发现使乳腺癌女性恢复生育能力的关键点!

2017-09-02 枫丹白露 来宝网

根据一项新的研究,现有的药物有一天可以保护绝经前妇女免受生殖改变致不孕的影响,这种不育症常常伴随癌症治疗。



可能使女性免于癌症治疗导致的不孕的药物】根据一项新的研究,现有的药物有一天可以保护绝经前妇女免受生殖改变致不孕的影响,这种不育症常常伴随癌症治疗。

用放射治疗癌症或某些化疗药物的妇女通常会不孕。根据Weill Cornell医学2006年的一项研究,近40%的女性乳腺癌幸存者患卵巢早衰,其卵巢功能丧失,常常变得不育。

妇女出生时有卵母细胞或未成熟卵子的终生储备,但是这些卵母细胞是身体中最敏感的细胞,可能被这种癌症治疗所消灭。

目前在遗传学杂志上发表的研究由康奈尔大学教授John Schimenti领衔。该研究建立在他2014年的研究中,确定了所谓的检查点蛋白(CHK2),当卵母细胞被辐射损伤时,其被激活。

CHK2在消除具有DNA损伤的卵母细胞的途径中起作用,是保护免于产生带有新突变的后代的自然功能。当研究人员照射缺乏CHK2基因的小鼠时,卵母细胞存活,最终修复了DNA损伤,小鼠产生了健康的幼仔。

新研究探讨了检查点2途径是否能被化学抑制。

该研究的资深作者Schimenti说:“事实证明,现有的CHK2抑制剂药物被开发出来,具有讽刺意义的是用于癌症治疗,但是它们对于治疗癌症来说不是非常有用的。本研究所的第一作者维拉·里纳尔迪(Vera Rinaldi)是Schimenti实验室的研究生。“通过给小鼠抑制药物,一个小分子,它基本上模仿了检查点基因的敲除,”里纳尔迪说。

通过抑制检查点途径,卵母细胞不被辐射杀死,并保持丰富的量,使正常后代能够出生。

“一个主要的关注点,”Schimenti说,“即使这些辐照的卵母细胞导致了健康的小鼠幼崽的诞生,可以想象,他们的突变会变成一代或二代,因为我们正在规避进化上的重要遗传质量控制机制,需要通过基因组测序进行调查。”

当医生认识到需要进行卵母细胞损伤的癌症治疗时,女性可能会将卵母细胞甚至卵巢组织去除和冷冻,但这种做法会延迟治疗。此外,当妇女从卵母细胞中消耗时,妇女的身体自然会经历更年期,因为它们的激素系统发生转变。

“这是一个严重的困境,”Schimenti说,“当你将癌症诊断排除在化疗后具有永久改变生命的前景时,必须面对延迟治疗冻结卵母细胞的紧急决定。”

该研究为共同管理这种或相关药物和同时开始癌症治疗设定了先例,尽管这种干预措施首先需要长时间的人体试验。

“虽然人类和小鼠具有不同的生理学,为确定人们安全有效的剂量还有很多工作要做,显然我们有这种方法的原则证明,”Schimenti说。

原始出处

Vera D. Rinaldi, et al. Pharmacological Inhibition of the DNA Damage Checkpoint Prevents Radiation-Induced Oocyte Death. GENETICS August 1, 2017 vol. 206 no. 4 1823-1828; https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.117.203455.

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    2018-02-16 canlab
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    2018-07-14 cy0324
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    2017-09-03 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-09-03 飛歌

    学习了很有用

    0

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全球乳腺癌发病率自20世纪70年代末开始一直呈上升趋势。美国8名妇女一生中就会有1人患乳腺癌。中国不是乳腺癌的高发国家,但不宜乐观,近年我国乳腺癌发病率的增长速度却高出高发国家1~2个百分点。2012年我国肿瘤登记地区前列腺癌发病率为9.92/10万,列男性恶性肿瘤发病率的第6位。发病年龄在55岁前处于较低水平,55岁后逐渐升高,发病率随着年龄的增长而增长,高峰年龄是70~80岁。家族遗传型前列腺