Tissue Engineering:福音!3D打印肌腱、韧带,有望改变传统治疗方式

2018-10-13 佚名 生物探索

韧带撕裂在运动中十分常见但却难以治疗。目前的治疗标准是用肌腱取代韧带撕裂,但这可能会导致其他一系列的问题。近日,犹他大学生物医学工程师鲍尔斯和他的团队开发出了一种3D打印细胞的方法来生产人体组织,如韧带和肌腱等,这一研究无疑是病人的福音。

生物3D打印

这一技术概念最早是由美国Clemson university、University of Missouri、Drexel University等大学的教授在2000年左右提出,2003年Mironv V和Boland T在Trends in Biotechnology杂志系统提出“器官3D打印”这一概念。生物3D打印是3D打印的分支之一,可在数字三维模型驱动下,按照增材制造原理定位装配生物材料或细胞单元,并层层叠加形成组织或器官,不仅可保证不同材料的位置和分布的准确性,且打印后细胞可以自组装或经过体外成熟后形成组织,是目前制造人工器官最被看好的技术,比如人工皮肤、软骨甚至一些组织替代物,也是3D打印在医疗应用上发展的趋势。

近两年,科学家们围绕生物3D打印技术的应用进行了不少研究,例如从患者体内脂肪中提取干细胞,并将其打印在一层水凝胶上,形成肌腱或韧带,然后在体外培养后植入。但这是一个极其复杂的过程,因为这种结缔组织是由不同细胞组成的复杂模式。例如,组成肌腱或韧带的细胞必须逐渐转移到骨细胞,这样组织才能附着在骨头上。

鲍尔斯和他的团队与盐湖城的Carterra公司合作,由该公司开发用于医学的微流体设备。研究人员使用Carterra公司的3d打印机打印用于癌症筛查的抗体。鲍尔斯的团队专程为打印机开发了一种特殊的打印头,这种打印头可以以他们需要的控制方式放置人体细胞。为了证明这一概念,研究小组打印出了能发出荧光的基因改造细胞,以便能直观看到最终产品的效果。

鲍尔斯在谈到打印过程时说:“这是一种非常可控的技术,可以创建以前技术无法创建的模式和细胞组织。它允许我们非常明确地把细胞放在我们想要的地方。这项技术目前被设计用于制造韧带、肌腱和椎间盘。”

目前,病人的替换组织可以从病人身体的其他部位提取,甚至也可以从尸体上获取,但质量可能较差。椎间盘是具有骨界面的复杂结构,所以必须重建才能成功移植。生物3D打印技术可以解决这些问题。当3D打印的器官最终被实现时,它们将有可能使人们改变传统治疗方式来提高患者的生活质量。

原始出处:

David Ede, Nikki Davidoff, Alejandro Blitch, et al. Microfluidic Flow Cell Array for Controlled Cell Deposition in Engineered Musculoskeletal Tissues. Tissue Engineering Part C: MethodsVol. 24, No. 9.

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    2019-01-09 spoonycyy
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    2018-11-12 xuyu
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    2019-01-14 howi
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    2018-10-15 丁鹏鹏

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