胡大一:给轰轰烈烈的“精准医学”运动下场“及时雨”

2017-12-25 胡大一 胡大一大夫

“精准医疗”是否有前途?到底谁说了算?是公司?风投?医院?答案:都不是,最有发言权的是病人的疗效。

自从奥巴马提出“精准医学”,全世界尤其我国的动静很大,大量立项、科研基金投入,学术机构如雨后春笋,企业跃跃欲试。

直至即将过去的2017年,“精准医学”在心血管领域几乎一无所获。还有一些医学精英仍打着“精准医学”旗号,做抗栓药物基因多态性筛查,诱导误导患者自费吃高价、并无临床优势的药物。

在大家最寄希望的领域——“癌症”,“精准医学”也收效甚微。

刚刚读了在香港中文大学与北京大学任教,从事科研工作的唐金陵教授转发的文章《精准医疗又上了审判台》,感触良多。

文章复习了最近的重要文献,提出无论是实验室检测的准确性,还是临床的有效性,目前的“精准医学”都存在严重缺陷。

文章指出:上个月,美国FDA批准了一个某大公司研发的NGS癌症Panel。消息传来,国内基因诊断公司个个欢欣鼓舞,好像打了一剂强心针!可是无人向大家介绍相关的重要评论——“approval of a tumor biomarker test by the FDA does not necessarily imply that it should be ordered or used to direct patient care."

文中有两个问题问的不仅到位,而且精彩。

“精准医疗”是否有前途?到底谁说了算?是公司?风投?医院?(我还想加上~医学精英?)答案:都不是!最有发言权的是病人的疗效!

我体重72公斤,只要磅秤准,在哪里测都一致,都是72公斤。而如果号称“精准医疗”的基因检测(号称神奇的“液态活检”),在实验室检测时,同一病人的同一标本送到不同实验室,结果经常不同,重复性差。医生和病人拿到两个实验室对同一标本的截然不同的两个结果时,临床决策听谁的?

文章说的客观:不是说精准医学不好,而是说精准医学的研发道路漫长,急不得!只有踏踏实实把功夫做到了,让病人能够获得实实在在的效益,产业化才有后劲;赚钱,心里也踏实。

“液态活检”过早过快的市场化是令人担心的。这也是警钟!

实际上,生物可降解性支架也是同样的故事!

“临床实践中,不是所有检验项目敏感性越高越好。如果太敏感了,健康人身上也可能有癌基因突变,是否每个人都要接受”治疗”,包括有创伤、有风险、有并发症的手术?实验室敏感性不等同于临床敏感性。”最后把关的还是病人的疗效。

泛滥的前列腺癌抗原(SPA)检测就是一个经典过度检查导致过度医疗的恶性案例。根据这一检测,接受手术治疗的患者不断翻番,但前列腺癌的死亡率多年毫无下降!而不少接受手术的患者不得不忍受不必要手术带来的勃起功能障碍与尿失禁并发症的折磨。

文章结尾问的另一问题更发人深思!“这类论文很简单,为什么国内的医生没有写?太多公司的产品了。没法比?还是不想比?或比了也没用?”

支架对大多数稳定心绞痛患者不会带来延年益寿的效果,也不可能预防心肌梗死!在单支病变的稳定心绞痛患者,支架连能不能减轻心绞痛症状和提升运动能力都需要质疑,画上一个大大的问号。这样一些事关公众健康权益,医疗安全保障的研究为什么我国没人做?问题出来了,为什么没人说?反而自欺欺人地说支架使用没有过度!

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    2017-12-25 139****0239

    henhao

    0

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    2017-12-25 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-12-25 明月清辉

    谢谢分享.学习了

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