Nat Genet:又一隐形基因突变被确定会导致肥胖!

2018-01-10 Juka 转化医学网

人类吝啬的古老的基因一直致力于将食物转化为脂肪储存起来以备不时之需,近200年工业革命的发展使得人们不再为食物担心,然而基因还无法适应如此快速的发展从而使得人类依旧不断积累着脂肪,肥胖状况愈加严重。然而近日,研究人员发现:肥胖还有可能是基因突变导致。


导  读

人类吝啬的古老的基因一直致力于将食物转化为脂肪储存起来以备不时之需,近200年工业革命的发展使得人们不再为食物担心,然而基因还无法适应如此快速的发展从而使得人类依旧不断积累着脂肪,肥胖状况愈加严重。然而近日,研究人员发现:肥胖还有可能是基因突变导致。

近年来,肥胖成为困扰人类生活的一大问题。全球肥胖人数在过去的40年里,从1975年的1亿5百万上升至2014年的6亿4千1百万。而到现在,几乎每十个人中就有1个是胖子。针对肥胖的遗传因素以及相关的研究一直在进行,而在近日,一项新的研究表明:基因突变也会导致肥胖!

这项新的研究由伦敦帝国理工学院牵头,并于1月8号发表在《Nature Genetics》上,题为“Loss-of-function mutations in ADCY3cause monogenic severe obesity”。这篇文章发现:在研究人群中,有超过30%的肥胖和ADCY3基因的隐形突变有关。

本次研究的对象巴基斯坦地区的儿童,该地区近亲结婚的比例很高。而血缘关系密切的父母更可能携带相同的基因突变,所以孩子很可能从父母双方得到隐形的突变基因,从而表达出肥胖的特质。

通过基因组测序技术,研究人员发现了和肥胖有关的特定基因的突变:腺苷酸环化酶3 (ADCY3)。ADCY3基因在以往被认为是下丘脑调节机制中的一部分,可以帮助调节多种激素,而这些激素则可以帮助调节食物等生物功能。当ADCY3基因发生突变时,它所编码的蛋白质就会异常,从而失去了正常的功能,而失常的蛋白质和糖尿病、食欲、甚至嗅觉异常都有关联。

帝国理工学院的基因组医学主席Philippe Froguel教授说道:“在早期对ADCY3基因进行的研究发现,缺乏这种基因的老鼠会不断的变胖,而最关键的是,其嗅觉也会出现问题。而当我们进行进一步研究的时候发现:在嗅觉缺失的人类患者中,也发现了类似的情况,这使得我们我们发现了肥胖和ADCY3基因突变之间的关联。”


在确认了巴基斯坦病人的突变基因后,研究人员将他们的结果上传至GeneMatcher,Froguel(这是一个专门用于遗传基因研究的组织)。而这个意外的发现使得荷兰的另一组科学家与他们的研究小组在一个肥胖病人身上发现了ADCY3突变基因的存在。他们对此产生了浓厚的兴趣,从而发现ADCY3突变基因最终会导致肥胖。

这个欧洲病人从父母双方(即使父母并非近亲关系,就像巴基斯坦所见)的ADCY3基因上遗传了不同的突变,所以其ADCY3基因功能不正常,变得肥胖起来。而为了验证这个结果,研究小组还和丹麦的科学家取得了联系,他们开始研究格陵兰岛的因纽特人。虽然因纽特人传统上并没有近亲结婚的传统,但是这一种群群体量很小,所以近亲结婚的可能性会增加。

而在巴基斯坦的研究中,携带这种隐形基因突变的患者其肥胖发生率大大增加。而存在这种基因突变的孩童,往往会出现极为严重的肥胖。




Froguel教授补充道:“肥胖并不像人们常说的那样,总是因为暴饮暴食引起。我认为基因和肥胖之间存在着人们未知的某种联系,而我们正在积极探索这个领域。”

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    2018-02-26 liye789132251
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    2018-12-15 cy0324
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    2018-01-11 137****9095

    henhao

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之前的相关研究表明,Ras基因是原癌基因,它发生突变以后就变成有致癌活性的癌基因。随着研究的继续深入,近日科学家发现,Ras基因的突变还可以抑制免疫系统的抗癌反应。

Nature:治疗耳聋的基因疗法

今日,哈佛大学医学院Zheng-Yi Chen教授与哈佛大学David R. Liu教授等多名华人学者联手带来了一项重量级的研究。他们利用CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术,成功修复了小鼠内耳的致聋性基因突变。这项研究也于今日在线发表在了顶尖学术刊物《自然》上。

Cell:药物疗效“因人而异”?基因突变“在作怪”!

与G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs,目前最主要的药物靶标)有关的研究已经获得了5次诺贝尔奖。最近,来自美国的一个科学家小组又收获了关于GPCRs的一项新发现!