盘点:近期关于主动脉疾病研究进展一览

2017-12-05 lishiting MedSci原创

【1】Eur Heart J:亚洲和欧洲二叶主动脉瓣患者瓣膜形态、瓣膜功能障碍和主动脉病的种族间差异经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)已被证明在二叶主动脉瓣(BAV)患者中是安全可行的。评估BAV患者瓣膜形态、功能和主动脉根部尺寸的种族间差异对这种疗法的全球范围内传播很重要。大型欧洲和亚洲BAV患者队列之间的比较尚未进行,人群间的潜在差异可能对TAVR有重要影响。这项研究在2个大型欧洲和亚洲BA

【1】Eur Heart J:亚洲和欧洲二叶主动脉瓣患者瓣膜形态、瓣膜功能障碍和主动脉病的种族间差异

经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)已被证明在二叶主动脉瓣(BAV)患者中是安全可行的。评估BAV患者瓣膜形态、功能和主动脉根部尺寸的种族间差异对这种疗法的全球范围内传播很重要。大型欧洲和亚洲BAV患者队列之间的比较尚未进行,人群间的潜在差异可能对TAVR有重要影响。

这项研究在2个大型欧洲和亚洲BAV患者队列中评估了瓣膜形态、功能以及主动脉根部尺寸的差异。

主动脉瓣形态根据连合和中缝数的经胸超声心动图定义:0型=无中缝和2个连合,1型= 1中缝和2个连合,2型=2中缝和1个连合。主动脉狭窄和返流根据目前的指南进行分级。对于这项研究,主动脉根部尺寸是在主动脉瓣环,Valsalva窦(SOV),窦管接合(STJ)和升主动脉(AA))水平的经胸超声心动图手动测量的。1427例BAV患者(45.2±18.1岁,男性71.9%)中,794例(55.6%)为欧洲人,633例(44.4%)为亚洲人。组间年龄和男性比例相当。亚洲人右与非冠脉尖有中缝的1型BAV患病率高于欧洲人(分别为19.7%和13.6%;P <0.001),而欧洲人0型BAV患病率高于亚洲人(无中缝和2个连合)(14.5%vs. 6.8%,P<0.001)。欧洲人中至重度主动脉瓣返流的患病率高于亚洲人(44.2%vs.26.8%; P<0.001),而正常功能或主动脉瓣狭窄的BAV无明显差异。调整了人口学、合并症和瓣膜功能后,主动脉瓣环的尺寸[平均差异1.1 mm/m2,95%置信区间(CI)0.96-1.39],SOV(平均差异1.86 mm/m2,95% CI 1.47-2.24),STJ(平均差异0.52 mm/m2,95%CI 0.14-0.90)和AA(平均差异1.05 mm/m2,95%CI 0.57-1.52)亚洲人明显大于欧洲人。

这个大型多中心登记首次报告了亚洲BAV患者1型BAV更常见(右与非冠脉尖有融合),主动脉尺寸比欧洲人更大。这些发现对TAVR假体类型和尺寸的选择具有重要意义。(原文详见--Eur Heart J:亚洲和欧洲二叶主动脉瓣患者瓣膜形态、瓣膜功能障碍和主动脉病的种族间差异

【2】JAHA:主动脉狭窄患者的左房容量和死亡率

左心房(LA)扩大在主动脉狭窄(AS)患者中很常见,但其对预后的影响尚不清楚。这项研究探讨了左心房容量(LAV)和根据身材大小标准化的LAV对预测AS死亡率的价值。

纳入了1351例AS患者,诊断时为窦性心律,并分析了随访期内的全因死亡率。测量了LA扩大的5个参数:未标化LAV和标准化的比率LAV(LAV/体表面积[BSA]和LAV/身高)和异速LAV(LAV/BSA1.7和LAV/身高2.0)。对于每个参数,四分位数最高的患者死亡风险较高,而结局与其他四分位数更好或相似。LAV> 95mL和LAV /BSA> 50mL/m2患者的5年生存率低于无或轻度LA患者(P 均<0.001)。调整既定结局预测因子后,包括手术, LAV>95mL(校正风险比,1.40 [95%置信区间,1.06-1.88])和LAV/BSA > 50 mL/m2死亡风险较高(调整风险比1.42 [95%置信区间,1.08-1.91])。LAV/BSA和LAV显示出良好和相似的预测价值,而其他量化方法没有显示更好的结局预测价值。基线重度AS患者,维持(≥50%)射血分数和症状没有或很小,LA扩大与死亡率显著相关(LAV> 95mL校正风险比,1.87 [95%置信区间,1.02-3.44],LAV/BSA>50mL/m 2校正风险比1.90 [95%置信区间,1.03-3.56])。

LA扩大是AS死亡率的一个重要预测因子,补充了已知的结局预测因子。LAV和LAV/ BSA具有相近的预测性能,在临床实践中可用于评估风险分层。(原文详见--JAHA:主动脉狭窄患者的左房容量和死亡率

【3】Heart:c-MyC是主动脉狭窄患者心肌损伤和纤维化的新标志物!

心肌肌球蛋白结合蛋白C(c-MyC)是一个富肌节的蛋白,并且是心肌损伤新的高度特异性标志。在晚期主动脉狭窄患者中心肌细胞死亡是以心肌肥厚向心肌纤维化过渡为特征。近日,在心脏病领域权威杂志Heart上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员假设血清c-MyC的浓度与主动脉狭窄患者心脏结构及结局相关。

研究人员测量了两组曾前瞻性收集的血清中的c-MyC:主动脉瓣狭窄患者队列(n=161)和健康对照者(n=46),这些参与者进行了心脏MRI检查,并对主动脉瓣狭窄队列(n=104)的结局进行了平均11.3年的随访。

研究人员发现主动脉瓣狭窄患者c-MyC蛋白浓度与左室重量(c-MyC每增加一个对数单位调整后的β=11g/m2,P<0.001)、纤维化体积(调整后的β=8g,P<0.001)和细胞外容积(调整后的β=1.3%,P=0.01)相关,但在对照者中则无关。在那些晚期钆增强(LGE)提示心肌纤维化的患者c-MyC蛋白浓度较高(32(21-56)ng/L vs. 17(12-24)ng/L,P<0.001)。c-MyC与冠状动脉钙化分数无关。结局队列调整后的Cox比例风险分析显示较高的全因死亡率(c-MyC每增加一个对数单位调整后的风险比为1.49,95%可信区间为1.11-2.01,P=0.009)。

由此可见,血清c-MyC浓度与主动脉狭窄患者的心肌肥厚、纤维化和死亡风险增加相关。血清肌小节蛋白浓度的量化为评估疾病的严重程度提供了客观的指标,并且其在监测主动脉瓣狭窄进展中的临床价值值得进一步研究。(原文详见--Heart:c-MyC是主动脉狭窄患者心肌损伤和纤维化的新标志物!

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    0

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    2017-12-07 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享!

    0

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