盘点:NEJM1月原始研究第三期汇总

2018-01-18 MedSci MedSci原创

【1】越南通过调查结核患者的家庭接触者发现结核DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1700209http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1700209主动发现病例是全球结核控制工作的重中之重,但其有效性在高发环境尚缺乏有力证据。我们试图在越南评估与单纯采取常规被动措施相比,检查结核患者家庭接触者的有效性。研究人员在越南八个省70个地区的诊所进行了整群随

【1】越南通过调查结核患者的家庭接触者发现结核

DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1700209

主动发现病例是全球结核控制工作的重中之重,但其有效性在高发环境尚缺乏有力证据。我们试图在越南评估与单纯采取常规被动措施相比,检查结核患者家庭接触者的有效性。研究人员在越南八个省70个地区的诊所进行了整群随机对照试验。每个地区诊所或医院的卫生工作者随机分为干预组或对照组。在干预地区,痰涂片显微镜检查结核阳性患者的家庭接触被邀请在基线及第6、12和24个月进行临床评估和胸片检查。结果共纳入了10,964例涂阳肺结核患者的25,707个家庭接触者。在干预组纳入的36个地区中,10,069名接触者中有180名被登记为结核,而对照组的15,638名接触者中有110名被登记为结核。表明与单独采用常规的被动发现病例相比,调查家庭接触者加常规的被动发现病例可更有效地发现2年时高发环境的结核病。

【2】卵巢癌的腹腔热灌注化疗

DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1708618

对于新诊断的晚期卵巢癌患者,治疗手段通常包括细胞减缩手术和全身化疗。近日研究人员考察了手术期间温热腹腔内化疗(HiPEC)对III期上皮性卵巢癌的患者的疗效。在这项多中心III期临床研究中,245名接受3轮卡铂+紫杉醇化疗后病情稳定的患者,在细胞减缩手术间隔期随机接受顺铂HIPEC或对照。意向分析中,123名非HIPEC患者中,110人出现疾病复发或死亡,而HIPEC组122名患者中99人疾病复发或死亡。手术组平均无复发生存期为10.7个月,而手术+HIPEC组为14.2个月。随访4.7年中,手术组76人(62%)以及HIPEC组61人(50%)死亡。手术组平均总生存期为33.9个月,手术+HIPEC组为45.7个月。研究认为,对于III期上皮性卵巢癌患者,细胞减缩手术间期进行温热腹腔内化疗可延缓疾病复发,降低患者死亡率。

【3】不明意义的单克隆性血液病长期随访研究

DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1708618

50岁以上人群中,意义未定的单克隆丙种球蛋白病(MGUS)的发病率约3%。近日梅奥诊所的研究人员对1960-1994年间1384名MGUS患者进行长期随访研究,平均随访34.1年。在14130个患者随访年终,147人出现MGUS进展,与一般人群相比,多发性骨髓瘤、其他浆细胞或淋巴紊乱风险增加6.5倍。非死亡进展事件的发生率,随疾病时间而变化:10年为10%,20年为18%,30年为28%,35年为36%,而40年为36%。IgM MGUS患者,存在2种不良危险因素--无血清游离轻链比率和高血清单克隆蛋白水平其20年的疾病进展风险为55%,仅存在1种不良风险患者进展风险为19%,而无存在上述2种风险因素患者的疾病进展仅为19%。对于非IgM MGUS患者,存在2种风险因素患者20年的疾病进展率为30%,1种风险因素患者疾病进展风险为20%,而无风险因素患者的疾病进展风险为7%。MGUS患者生存期低于一般对照人群。研究认为,IgM MGUS和非IgM MGUS患者疾病进展风险存在显著差异,MGUS患者的总生存期显著低于对照人群。

【4】KRAS激活突变导致脑动静脉畸形

DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1709449

脑内零星动静脉畸形是指脑血管中动脉和静脉之间形态上的异常连接,是导致年轻人和儿童出血性中风的主要原因,目前造成这种罕见局灶性病症的遗传因素尚不清楚。近日研究人员对脑动静脉畸形患者的组织和血液样本进行体细胞突变研究。对参与者样本进行PCR分析,考察激活KRAS突变而引起的下游信号通路、基因表达和细胞表型的变化。结果显示,62.5%的患者组织样本中存在体细胞激活KRAS突变,但血液样本无变化。对脑动静脉畸形内皮细胞培养后,内皮细胞中检测到KRAS突变并观察到突变KRAS表达(KRASG12V),突变诱导细胞外信号调节激酶活性增强、与血管生成和Notch信号有关的基因表达增加,迁移行为增强,上述过程可以被MAPK-ERK信号抑制剂所抑制。研究发现脑动静脉畸形组织样本中存在KRAS激活突变,提示上述畸形是由KRAS诱导的脑内皮细胞MAPK-Erk信号通路激活所致。

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    2018-01-19 llaq

    快看

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280008, encodeId=b24828000819, content=快看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/28/37a322fa6e8be63db9e493f1c35a800a.jpg, createdBy=e5461842402, createdName=llaq, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 10:56:21 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279843, encodeId=2c8d2e984387, content=最近发现结核患者又多了.痰涂片阳性率不是很高啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/12/31/60fc0213ae09a3dbbba19993663ef4db.jpg, createdBy=33c31971480, createdName=1e160a78m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 18 23:12:33 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279829, encodeId=009e2e9829de, content=主动发现病例是全球结核控制工作的重中之重.但其有效性在高发环境尚缺乏有力证据, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 22:44:56 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279805, encodeId=01182e98054c, content=学习了.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI06MUzr7AI0nTlsgpDTRvVB51yAMdGfTKe8roX48ibEeqHD1dz3UibUa9SibU24UPLcEozJiaSB67WvQ/132, createdBy=fca0106828, createdName=Ramsey, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 21:15:49 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279797, encodeId=94bc2e9797cf, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 18 20:39:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-18 1e160a78m83(暂无匿称)

    最近发现结核患者又多了.痰涂片阳性率不是很高啊

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280008, encodeId=b24828000819, content=快看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/28/37a322fa6e8be63db9e493f1c35a800a.jpg, createdBy=e5461842402, createdName=llaq, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 10:56:21 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279843, encodeId=2c8d2e984387, content=最近发现结核患者又多了.痰涂片阳性率不是很高啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/12/31/60fc0213ae09a3dbbba19993663ef4db.jpg, createdBy=33c31971480, createdName=1e160a78m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 18 23:12:33 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279829, encodeId=009e2e9829de, content=主动发现病例是全球结核控制工作的重中之重.但其有效性在高发环境尚缺乏有力证据, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 22:44:56 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279805, encodeId=01182e98054c, content=学习了.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI06MUzr7AI0nTlsgpDTRvVB51yAMdGfTKe8roX48ibEeqHD1dz3UibUa9SibU24UPLcEozJiaSB67WvQ/132, createdBy=fca0106828, createdName=Ramsey, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 21:15:49 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279797, encodeId=94bc2e9797cf, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 18 20:39:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-18 有备才能无患

    主动发现病例是全球结核控制工作的重中之重.但其有效性在高发环境尚缺乏有力证据

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280008, encodeId=b24828000819, content=快看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/28/37a322fa6e8be63db9e493f1c35a800a.jpg, createdBy=e5461842402, createdName=llaq, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 10:56:21 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279843, encodeId=2c8d2e984387, content=最近发现结核患者又多了.痰涂片阳性率不是很高啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/12/31/60fc0213ae09a3dbbba19993663ef4db.jpg, createdBy=33c31971480, createdName=1e160a78m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 18 23:12:33 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279829, encodeId=009e2e9829de, content=主动发现病例是全球结核控制工作的重中之重.但其有效性在高发环境尚缺乏有力证据, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 22:44:56 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279805, encodeId=01182e98054c, content=学习了.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI06MUzr7AI0nTlsgpDTRvVB51yAMdGfTKe8roX48ibEeqHD1dz3UibUa9SibU24UPLcEozJiaSB67WvQ/132, createdBy=fca0106828, createdName=Ramsey, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 21:15:49 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279797, encodeId=94bc2e9797cf, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 18 20:39:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-18 Ramsey

    学习了.谢谢

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280008, encodeId=b24828000819, content=快看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/28/37a322fa6e8be63db9e493f1c35a800a.jpg, createdBy=e5461842402, createdName=llaq, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 10:56:21 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279843, encodeId=2c8d2e984387, content=最近发现结核患者又多了.痰涂片阳性率不是很高啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/12/31/60fc0213ae09a3dbbba19993663ef4db.jpg, createdBy=33c31971480, createdName=1e160a78m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 18 23:12:33 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279829, encodeId=009e2e9829de, content=主动发现病例是全球结核控制工作的重中之重.但其有效性在高发环境尚缺乏有力证据, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 22:44:56 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279805, encodeId=01182e98054c, content=学习了.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI06MUzr7AI0nTlsgpDTRvVB51yAMdGfTKe8roX48ibEeqHD1dz3UibUa9SibU24UPLcEozJiaSB67WvQ/132, createdBy=fca0106828, createdName=Ramsey, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 21:15:49 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279797, encodeId=94bc2e9797cf, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 18 20:39:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-18 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢分享.

    0