儿童语言发育迟缓的训练方法

2019-04-19 佚名 天佑儿童医院

关于孩子的语言问题,家长们最关心的两个问题需要做哪些相关的检查呢?哪些方法可以训练孩子的语言发育?为了解答大家的疑惑,今天就来揭秘:天佑儿童医院让孩子口齿伶俐的秘密!哪些方法可以提升孩子语言发育?

关于孩子的语言问题,家长们最关心的两个问题需要做哪些相关的检查呢?哪些方法可以训练孩子的语言发育?为了解答大家的疑惑,今天就来揭秘:天佑儿童医院让孩子口齿伶俐的秘密!哪些方法可以提升孩子语言发育?

01.运动和发音器官训练

康复语言训练老师会针对孩子的口腔情况,进行针对性的口腔训练。

训练口腔肌肉,训练舌头的灵活度,练习舌头操,如让舌头伸出口,缩进去,舔上颚,舔两颊,固绕上下牙龈转动一周等等。

唇的练习

喷:也称作双唇后打响,双唇紧闭,将唇的力量集中于后中纵线三分之一的部位,唇齿相依,不裹唇,阻住气流,然后突然连续喷气出声,发出P、P、P的音。

咧:将双唇闭紧尽力向前噘起,然后将嘴角用力向两边伸展。(咧嘴),反复进行。

撇:双唇后闭紧向前噘起,然后向左歪、向右歪、向上抬、向下压。

绕:双唇闭紧向前噘听起,然后向左或向右作60度的转圈运动。

舌的练习

舌尖抵下齿背,舌体贴住齿背,随着张嘴,用上门齿齿沿刮舌叶、舌面,使舌面能逐渐上挺隆起,然后,将舌面后移向上贴住硬腭前部,感觉舌面向头顶上部“百会”穴的位置立起来。

这一练习对于打开后声腔和纠正“尖音”、增加舌面隆起的力量很有效。口腔开度不好的人、舌面音J、 Q、X发音有问题的人可以多练习。

顶舌:闭唇,用舌尖顶住左内颊、用力顶,似逗小孩儿嘴里有糖状,然后,用舌尖顶住右内岬颊做同样练习。如上左右交替、反复练习。

伸舌:将舌伸出唇外,舌体集中、舌尖向前、向左右、向上下尽力伸展。这一练习主要练习使舌体集中、舌尖能集中用力。

绕舌:闭唇,把舌尖伸到齿前唇后,向顺时针方向环绕360度,然后向逆时针方向环绕360度,交替进行。

立舌:将舌尖向后贴住左侧槽牙齿背,然后将舌沿齿背推至门齿中缝。使舌尖向右侧力翻。然后做相反方向的练习。这一练习对于改进边音L的发音有益。

舌打响:这个大家都会吧,就是用舌头打出响声。

捣舌:动作就是让舌头反复的往外面冲,练习舌头的灵活性和力量。

口腔练习

口的开合练习:张嘴象打哈欠,闭嘴如啃苹果。开口的动作要柔和,两嘴角向斜上方抬起,上下唇稍放松,舌头自然放平。做这个练习,克服口腔开度的问题。

咀嚼练习:张口咀嚼与闭口咀嚼结合进行,舌头自然放平。

双唇练习:双唇闭拢向前、后、左、右、上、下,以及左右转圈双唇达响。

舌头练习

舌尖顶下齿,舌面逐渐上翘

舌尖在口内左右顶口腔壁,在门牙上下转圈

舌尖伸出口外向前伸,向左右、上下伸

舌在口腔内左右立起

舌尖的弹练,弹硬腭、弹口唇

舌尖与上齿龈接触打响

舌根与软腭接触打响

02.听觉统合训练

听觉统合训练通过康复师根据孩子个性特点,制定个性化方案,达到刺激脑部休眠细胞活动,从而达到改善语言障碍的目的。

通过治疗,患儿对说话声音的注意增加,能够接受一些口语或非口语的交往,有些患儿在语言发展方面比以前会有一个飞跃。此外,患儿的注意力也有所改善,使其学习能力有所增强。

03.认知理解力训练

有的孩子语言发育迟缓,认知理解能力也比较差,这样局限了孩子的语言进步。

所以,康复语言治疗老师会针对性的提高孩子的认知理解能力。随着能力的提高,孩子的语言理解表达能力也会增强。

认知训练包含内容有:空间次序、动作序列、目标辨认、图形推理、逻辑类比等,涵盖内容有同类匹配训练、异类鉴别训练、序列认知训练、图形认知训练、数字认知训练、记忆力训练、观察力训练、注意力训练。

04.感觉统合训练

感觉统合训练是通过大脑将人体器官各部分感觉信息输入组织起来,经大脑统合作用,完成对内外知觉的反应。

所以感觉统合训练对语言的发育起着至关重要的作用。

感统训练课程根据每个儿童情况(感统失调程度和年龄特征)制定专门的训练课程,通过专业的教具,有计划有步骤的以“游戏”的方式让孩子参与进来,达到前庭、本体觉、触觉功能的提升,以提高脑的功能发展。

05.手势符号训练

手势符号是利用本人的手势作为一定意义的示意符号,可通过手势符号表示意愿,也可用来与他人进行非语言交流。掌握手势符号对于儿童掌握语言符号及文字符号具有积极的促进作用。

对中、重度语言发育迟缓的儿童或言语符号未掌握的儿童、表达困难的儿童均可将手势语作为表达训练的导人方式,逐步过渡到用幼儿语、口语进行表达的目的。

06.文字训练

正常儿童的文字学习是在全面掌握了言语的基础上再进行的学习。但对于语言发育迟缓的儿童言语学习困难时,如果将文字符号作为语言行为形成的媒介是一种非常有效的学习方法。另外还可以作为言语的代做手段。

文字训练适用于:言语理解与表达的发育均迟缓的儿童;言语理解好而表达困难的儿童;既有以上原因又伴有构音障碍、说话清晰度低下的儿童。

文字训练的顺序:文字形状的辨别一文字符号与意义的结合一文字符号与音声的结合一文字符号与意义、音声的构造性对应的结合。

注:以上训练方法具体做哪些,医生需根据儿童具体情况判断。

专家提醒

宝宝们在语言发育问题上,差异程度是比较大的。家长首先要尊重孩子们的差异性,不要盲目与他人比较。

给宝宝提供良好的语言学习环境,对孩子掌握更丰富的词汇、更流畅的表达,甚至树立自信心,都是非常必要的;当然,如果宝宝存在异常情况,也需要及时向医生寻求帮助。一定要做到早发现、早干预,切勿错过儿童2-6岁语言发育黄金期!

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    2019-04-21 neurowu
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    2019-04-21 yangjxjc
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    2019-04-20 12543c13m83暂无昵称

    谢谢分享

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