Lancet Respir Med:全球结核病流行与护理、预防和研究进展概述

2018-04-01 刘毅 呼吸界

结核病是全球传染病首位死亡原因,在世界结核日(2018年3月24日),提供了最新的结核病流行状况评估、推荐的诊断、药物治疗和疫苗、护理和预防工作的进展情况,研究和发展进展以及加速进展所需的行动。

推荐理由:

结核病是全球传染病首位死亡原因,在世界结核日(2018年3月24日),提供了最新的结核病流行状况评估、推荐的诊断、药物治疗和疫苗、护理和预防工作的进展情况,研究和发展进展以及加速进展所需的行动。

本文是关于全球结核病流行与护理、预防和研究方面的进展的概述。结核病是全球传染病首位死亡原因,该疾病的耐药形式是全球健康安全的主要风险。在世界结核日(2018年3月24日),我们提供最新的结核病流行状况评估、推荐的诊断、药物治疗和疫苗、护理和预防工作的进展情况,研究和发展进展以及加速进展所需的行动。本概述是在联合国可持续发展目标和世界卫生组织末期结核战略的背景下提出的,其共同目标是结束全球结核病流行。 2016年,全球估计有1 400万新的肺结核病例,以及60万对利福平(最强大的一线药物)耐药的新病例。所有国家和年龄组都受到结核病的影响,但2016年大多数病例(90%)是成年人,几乎三分之二的人被七个国家所占:印度,印度尼西亚,中国,菲律宾,巴基斯坦,南非和尼日利亚。性别比例(男性比女性)为1.9,新诊断的肺结核患者中有10%也是HIV阳性。 2016年共有1700万人死于结核病,其中包括共感染HIV的人中有400万人死亡(官方归类为HIV/AIDS造成的死亡)。护理和预防的进展意味着全球死亡率(每10万人每年死亡)每年下降3.4%,发病率(每10万人每年新发病例)每年下降1.9% 。从2000年到2016年,全球结核病死亡人数每年下降24%,死亡率下降37%。全球范围内,通过成功的治疗估计有5300万人避免了死亡。尽管如此,护理和预防仍然存在重大差距。例如,2016年全球报告的6300万新的肺结核病例仅占估计发病率的61%,估计耐药结核病人数中只有五分之一入选治疗。新的诊断、药物和疫苗正在发展,但速度缓慢。加快实现2020,2025,2030和2035年确定的减少结核病负担的全球性里程碑和目标所需采取的行动包括缩小测试缺口、案例报告和总体医疗保健覆盖面的差距,特别是在那些占全球差距最大的国家;多方努力减少感染和疾病主要危险因素的流行;并增加对研究和开发的投资。

原始出处:
Katherine Floyd, Philippe Glaziou, Alimuddin Zumla, et al. The global tuberculosis epidemic and progress in care, prevention, and research: an overview in year 3 of the End TB era. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. April 2018. 

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    2018-12-16 howi
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    2018-04-06 秀红

    学习了

    0

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    2018-04-01 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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