欧美同期发布新版非心脏手术患者围术期心血管评估和管理指南

2014-08-05 谭宇思 编译 中国医学论坛报今日循环微信

8月1日,美国心脏病学会(ACC)/美国心脏学会(AHA)发布了《2014 ACC/AHA非心脏手术患者围术期心血管评估和管理指南》,全文在线发表于《美国心脏病学杂志》(J Am Coll Cardiol)和《循环》(Circulation)杂志。同期,《欧洲心脏杂志》(Eur Heart J)在线发表了欧洲心脏病学会/欧洲麻醉学会(ESC/ESA)发布的《2014 ESC/ESA非心脏手术指南:

8月1日,美国心脏病学会(ACC)/美国心脏学会(AHA)发布了《2014 ACC/AHA非心脏手术患者围术期心血管评估和管理指南》,全文在线发表于《美国心脏病学杂志》(J Am Coll Cardiol)和《循环》(Circulation)杂志。同期,《欧洲心脏杂志》(Eur Heart J)在线发表了欧洲心脏病学会/欧洲麻醉学会(ESC/ESA)发布的《2014 ESC/ESA非心脏手术指南:心血管评估和管理》

两部新指南为美国和欧洲主要心脏病学学会独立修订,介绍了围手术期心血管评估的新信息及关于以前公布的关键试验数据合法性的争议。新指南除对围术期评估策略及心血管疾病或危险因素的管理作出了详细推荐外,也对围术期用药给出了更新建议。

与旧版指南相比,新指南下调了β受体阻滞剂的推荐等级。欧美旧版指南均是基于DECREASE研究结果基础上制定的,该研究主要研究者波尔德曼斯(Poldermans)因伪造研究数据、违反学术诚信被解雇。随后,DECREASE研究的有效性也受到了调查。

美国新指南制定者对围术期使用β受体阻滞剂的研究进行了回顾分析,包括纳入或未纳入DECREASE研究的敏感性分析等。在高危患者中剔除DECREASE研究,新指南建议下调对β受体阻断剂的推荐强度,但仍有非随机研究证据支持其作为Ⅱb类推荐。美国新指南在敏感性分析中纳入了该研究,但在进行推荐时并未采用其结果;欧洲新指南制定者也排除了DECREASE研究,未将其结果用于新建议的形成。

β受体阻滞剂如何应用?


《2014 ACC/AHA非心脏手术患者围术期心血管评估和管理指南》

对于术前长期应用β受体阻滞剂的患者,建议围术期继续应用该药(Ⅰ/B);

无论何时起始治疗,术后根据临床情况指导进行β受体阻滞剂管理是合理的(Ⅰ/B);

对于术前风险分层为中危或高危心肌缺血的患者,在围术期起始β受体阻滞剂治疗可能是合理的(Ⅱb/C);

对于有≥3项危险因素的患者,术前起始β受体阻滞剂治疗是合理的(Ⅱb/B);

对于有长期β受体阻滞剂适应证但无危险因素的患者,围术期起始β受体阻滞剂是否存在获益尚不明确(Ⅱb/B);

对于已开始应用β受体阻滞剂治疗的患者,应合理延长围术期β受体阻滞剂的应用以提前评估其安全性和耐受性,术前最好应用一天以上(Ⅱb/B);

手术当天不宜开始β受体阻滞剂治疗(Ⅲ/B)。

《2014 ESC/ESA非心脏手术指南:心血管评估和管理》

术前接受β受体阻滞剂治疗的患者应继续应用该药(Ⅰ/B);

对于接受高危手术、临床危险因素≥2或美国麻醉医师学会(ASA)状况≥3级的患者,可考虑术前起始β受体阻滞剂治疗(Ⅱb/B);

对已知有缺血性心脏病或心肌缺血的患者,可考虑术前起始β受体阻滞剂(Ⅱb/B);

对于进行非心脏手术并开始口服β受体阻滞剂的患者,推荐阿替洛尔或比索洛尔作为首选药物(Ⅱb/B);

不推荐围术期对未滴定的患者应用大剂量β受体阻滞剂(Ⅲ/B);

对于低危手术的患者,不推荐术前应用β受体阻滞剂(Ⅲ/B)。


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