medRxiv: 新冠疫情2月中下旬或达峰值,治疗期间须警惕多种病原体交叉感染

2020-02-18 王芳 生物探索

2月7日,武汉大学中南医院的研究者发表在《JAMA》的一篇研究以40名医护工作者被感染的事实发出提醒:必须警惕院内交叉感染。10天后,中国疾控中心发表的一项涵盖70,000人的报告再次给我们敲响了警钟:截至2月11日,我国已有3019名医务人员感染了新型冠状病毒,可能存在非职业暴露造成的感染。

截至2月17日24时,据31个省(自治区、直辖市)和新疆生产建设兵团报告,现有确诊病例58016例(其中重症病例11741例),累计治愈出院病例12552例(北京核增7例),累计死亡病例1868例,累计报告确诊病例72436例(新疆生产建设兵团核增2例),现有疑似病例6242例。

全国现有疑似病例8连降,湖北以外地区新增病例人数已经出现14连降,这意味着我国疫情防控效果初步显现。当然,这场抗击新冠肺炎的战役还远未结束。

2月13日,《柳叶刀》在线发布的一篇评论文章建议,未来2至3周(2月底前)监测社区传播情况至关重要,应继续采取遏制消除疾病的策略。4天后,中国工程院院士钟南山在视频会诊期间谈到,据数字模型预计,2月中下旬全国病例数将达到峰值,但峰值并不意味着“拐点”,疫情可能还有随着务工人员返程再次出现新的高峰。

防治疫情仍然是现在最关键的事情,与此同时,还有其他问题也不容忽视。

2月7日,武汉大学中南医院的研究者发表在《JAMA》的一篇研究以40名医护工作者被感染的事实发出提醒:必须警惕院内交叉感染。10天后,中国疾控中心发表的一项涵盖70,000人的报告再次给我们敲响了警钟:截至2月11日,我国已有3019名医务人员感染了新型冠状病毒,可能存在非职业暴露造成的感染。

2月13日,武汉大学人民医院的研究者在预印本网站medRxiv(未经同行评议)发布的一篇报告从另一方面发出警醒:在防治疫情的同时,要警惕病原体交叉感染。

这项报告中,研究人员对2020年1月20日至2月9日共计8274名新冠病毒密切接触者进行了分析,其中有2745名(33.2%)密切接触者被确诊新冠病毒阳性,5277名(63.8%)密切接触者检测结果呈阴性,另有252名(3.0%)密切接触者诊断结果不明确(两个靶点nCoV-NP和nCov ORF1ab中只有一个呈阳性),3组患者的中位年龄分别为56岁(42-67岁)、40岁(30-57岁)和52岁(35-64岁)。

在252名诊断结果不明确的受试者中,有16人在几天后重新进行了检测,其中14人最终被确诊为新冠病毒阳性,2人监测结果为阴性。总体来看,男性感染率(35.5%)高于女性(29.6%)。


各年龄段确诊新冠肺炎的人数

研究人员对613名有发热症状的受试者进行了13种呼吸道病原体的多重检测,这些呼吸道病原体包括甲型流感病毒、鼻病毒、甲型H3N2病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、乙型流感病毒、冠状病毒、偏肺病毒、H1N1、腺病毒、支原体肺炎,副流感病毒,衣原体,博卡病毒。其中,有316人也接受了新冠病毒检测,212人检测结果为阴性,104人检测结果为阳性。


A:613名发热的受试者进行13种呼吸道病原体检测的结果
B:202名非确诊患者进行13种呼吸道病原体检测的结果
C:104名确诊患者进行13种呼吸道病原体检测的结果

检测结果呈阴性的212名受试者中,39人(18.4%)发生了其他病原体感染,病原体核酸阳性率分别为:甲型流感病毒5.66%(11/202)、甲型H3N2病毒5.66%(11/202)、鼻病毒4.72%(10/202)、呼吸道合胞病毒3.30%(7/202)、乙型流感病毒2.83%(6/202)、偏肺病毒1.89%(4/202)、冠状病毒0.94%(2/202)。

104名确诊新冠肺炎的受试者中,有6人(5.8%)感染了其他病原体,检测结果为:冠状病毒2.88%(3/104)、甲型流感病毒1.94%(2/104)、鼻病毒1.94%(2/104)和甲型H3N2 0.96%(1/104)。

也就是说,新型冠状病毒可以与其他病毒合并感染,在治疗新冠肺炎时,还应该重视其他呼吸道疾病的检测与治疗。然而,目前医疗机构通常使用传统的涂片和培养物的方法检测细菌病原体感染,但是痰涂片阳性率低、培养过程费时却是一个不争的事实,研究人员呼吁临床上尽快开发出一个广谱、快速、准确的细菌筛选检测平台,从而识别病原体,帮助判断患者病情,避免盲目用药。

新冠病毒存在细菌和真菌继发感染,常见的继发感染包括鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、黄曲霉、光滑念珠菌和白色念珠菌。其中,一些易产生耐药性的菌株(如鲍曼杆菌)感染将让治疗更加困难,患者甚至可能会出现感染性休克。这项研究表明,新冠肺炎感染者多为中老年人,抵抗力普遍较低,在这种情况下,预防抗生素可降低其死亡率和共病率。

研究人员建议,在入院及诊治期间,应将新冠病毒肺炎患者与其他病原体患者隔离治疗,从而防止病原体交叉感染。

原始出处:
Ming Wang, Qing Wu, et al. Clinical diagnosis of 8274 samples with 2019-novel coronavirus in Wuha. MedRxiv.Posted February 13, 2020.

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    2020-02-20 xue8605
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1391232, encodeId=62aa1391232da, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=06031149070' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#medRxiv#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11490, encryptionId=06031149070, topicName=medRxiv)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=101c2500074, createdName=124987e8m07暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Feb 20 12:36:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1502433, encodeId=846b150243340, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d03a2433420' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#交叉感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24334, encryptionId=d03a2433420, topicName=交叉感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bbf89540714, createdName=zhangyxzsh, createdTime=Thu Feb 20 12:36:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1510661, encodeId=bc6b15106610d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2efbe0807b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病原体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70807, encryptionId=2efbe0807b1, topicName=病原体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f6c210226313, createdName=xue8605, createdTime=Thu Feb 20 12:36:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610268, encodeId=ed39161026802, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Thu Feb 20 12:36:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1027220, encodeId=c62f102e220b8, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Wed Feb 19 00:36:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379395, encodeId=7cba3e9395ed, content=学习了很有用不錯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Wed Feb 19 00:04:27 CST 2020, time=2020-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=379392, encodeId=6bd13e93924f, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Tue Feb 18 22:27:55 CST 2020, time=2020-02-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-02-19 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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    2020-02-19 飛歌

    学习了很有用不錯

    0

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    2020-02-18 天地飞扬

    学习

    0

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