Nat Commun:唐氏综合征研究开辟新天地!科学家首次“全面分析”蛋白质

2017-12-06 佚名 生物探索

继不久前美国科学家发现唐氏综合征(又称“21-三体综合征”)与染色体上的关键结构——着丝粒有关后,最近,来自瑞士的一个研究小组又有了新的发现。该研究首次对21三体调节的蛋白质进行了全面的分析,有望解释唐氏综合征患者会出现各种不同症状的原因。

继不久前美国科学家发现唐氏综合征(又称“21-三体综合征”)与染色体上的关键结构——着丝粒有关后,最近,来自瑞士的一个研究小组又有了新的发现。该研究首次对21三体调节的蛋白质进行了全面的分析,有望解释唐氏综合征患者会出现各种不同症状的原因。

唐氏综合征是最常见的遗传疾病和严重出生缺陷病之一,大部分是由于母亲卵子的第21号染色体发生不分离现象(多了一条21号染色体)所造成的,其症状包括严重智力障碍、面容古怪、耳位低、眼距宽、颈部皮肤厚、肢体畸形等

10月31日,发表在Nature Communication杂志上的一项研究首次分析了21-三体综合征个体的蛋白质,目的是为了提高我们对“多一条21号染色体会如何影响人类发育”的理解和认识。

论文的共同通讯作者Stylianos E. Antonarakis教授说:“先前对唐氏综合征的研究主要集中在分析DNA和转录组(所有由我们基因组中的基因合成的信使RNA),然而,蛋白质是一类高信息分子,因为它们与唐氏综合征的临床症状更密切相关。对蛋白质进行分析有可能会提出关于‘21-三体综合征扰乱细胞机制’的新假说。”

技术与方法

不过,唐氏综合征患者细胞与健康个体细胞之间的蛋白质差异很低,很难用传统的技术检测到,因此,从技术上来说,分析来自临床样本的所有蛋白质是一项非常困难的任务。在这项研究中,蛋白质组研究领域的世界级专家Ruedi Aebersold教授的加入为攻克这一难题带来了希望。

借助一种新型的质谱技术——SWATH-MS,科学家们成功对由皮肤细胞合成的10,000种蛋白中的4,000种进行了量化。

科学家们强调,这一研究的目的是为了分析由于基因异常带来的蛋白质差异,而不是分析由于个体差异引发的蛋白质差异。因此,在这项研究中,调查了来自一对女性双胞胎的成纤维细胞。除了一人患21-三体综合征,一人未患该病外,她们有着相同的遗传背景。

分析与结果

研究结果显示,不仅是21号染色体基因编码的蛋白质,其它染色体上基因编码的蛋白也表现出了显着的数量差异。21三体导致了过量的mRNA和蛋白质产生,从而对个体的细胞功能做出了异常调节。

研究中,科学家们还观察到了一种自我调节蛋白质生产(self-regulating protein production)的细胞机制。在正常情况下,这种机制能够帮助纠正较低的蛋白质过剩,调节蛋白质数量。但是,多余的21号染色体的存在使得这种机制不再能够控制细胞内蛋白质的数量。

此外,他们还发现,21三体还影响了细胞的多种子结构,尤其是线粒体。具体来说,构成线粒体的蛋白质被过度削减,影响了它们的正常运作。

意义与计划

总结来说,这项研究不仅在“通过蛋白质分析理解21-三体综合征”方面迈出了重要的一步,同时,它还证明了新技术的可行性,为开展同类研究奠定了基础,因为,这一技术可用于调查其它遗传疾病。

关于这项研究的下一步计划,Antonarakis教授表示,他们需要调查出负责唐氏综合征每一个特定症状的失调蛋白质。同时,他们还将用这些技术和方法继续调查被21三体严重影响的其它细胞类型,如神经元细胞或心脏细胞。

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    2018-08-23 一叶知秋
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    2018-03-24 liuli5079
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    2017-12-13 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2017-12-08 詹鱼

    cool

    0

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研究唐氏综合征最大的问题在于寻找合适的研究模型。由于无法模拟真正的人体疾病,动物及细胞系模型并不完美,因此相应的结果也无法应用于人体。而干细胞则是一种具有巨大潜力的研究工具,因为研究人员可以直接从病人身上获取干细胞并培育成各种类型的细胞。但是获取干细胞很困难,且具有侵入性,因此在处理儿童及智力残疾病人时很难通过审查委员会(IRBs)的审查。

盘点:唐氏综合征研究进展汇总

唐氏综合征即21-三体综合征,又称先天愚型或Down综合征,是由染色体异常(多了一条21号染色体)而导致的疾病。60%患儿在胎内早期即流产,存活者有明显的智能落后、特殊面容、生长发育障碍和多发畸形。现代医学证实,唐氏综合征发生率与母亲怀孕年龄有相关,系21号染色体的异常,有三体、易位及嵌合三种类型。【1】PLoS One:唐氏综合症患儿更易发生牙周病本研究旨在评估并对比唐氏综合征和非唐氏综合征

震惊!原来每对夫妻都有可能生出“唐氏儿”!

也许,你听说过“唐氏儿”,你知道“唐氏儿”有明显的智能落后、特殊面容、生长发育障碍和多发畸形,生活不能自理,需要家人长期的照顾……

贝瑞和康 用“新”关爱生命——写在3.21唐氏综合征日之际

两年前的昨天,贝瑞和康生产的NextSeq CN500基因测序仪获得CFDA医疗器械产品注册。迄今为止,这仍然是全球范围内步骤最少、操作最简便的建库试剂盒。

Cell:癌症治疗个体差异与唐氏综合征有啥共同点?

非整倍体变异,即细胞染色体数量异常,是导致许多类型的癌症和遗传疾病(包括唐氏综合征)的原因,也是大多数自然流产的原因。由非整倍体变异引起的疾病的严重性通常存在明显的个体差异化,这点很不寻常。例如,近 90%的唐氏综合征胎儿会自然流产。然而,也有唐氏综合征患者可以活到 60 岁以上。▲人体细胞的 46 条染色体(图片来源:NIH 官网)过去,研究人员认为这种差异是由患者个体基因组成差异造成。但是最近

Am J Intellect Dev Disabil:唐氏综合症成年人听力学评估

人类唐氏综合症(DS)增加的预期寿命与早产年龄相关的变化有关。最近,有研究人员在患有唐氏综合症的成年人中评估了听力功能,并且估算了在该人群中听力损失的流行程度。研究人员在72名患有唐氏综合症的成年人中(平均年龄37.3±10.1岁,51.4%为女性)进行了听觉测试,还对空气传导纯音平均(PTA)阈值在频率为0.5-1-2-4kHz时进行了计算并评估听力功能情况。研究发现,听力损失在PTA阈值大于2