Psychosom Med:首次证实!肠道菌群与个体情绪有关

2017-07-08 佚名 生物探索

肠道菌群是近几年热度不断攀升的研究领域之一。先前的研究发现,它们不仅能影响药效,还与帕金森病、阿尔茨海默症等疾病有关。近日,科学家们又找到了肠道菌群与大脑之间的关联。一项最新的研究证实,肠道菌群与个体情绪有关。



近日,发表在Psychosomatic Medicine上题为“Brain structure and response to emotional stimuli as related to gut microbial profiles in healthy women”的论文中,研究人员鉴定出了能够与大脑中和情绪和行为有关的区域相互作用的肠道微生物群。这可能是科学家们首次证实,健康人群的行为和神经生物学差异与微生物组成有关。

大脑与肠道菌群之间的相互作用可能在人类的健康和行为中扮演着重要的角色。先前,啮齿动物模型研究已经证明了肠道菌群对情绪和社会行为的影响,如焦虑、抑郁。然而,这种结论是否也适用于人类仍缺乏证据。

肠道菌群与情绪的关联

在这一研究中,科学家们希望鉴定出携带不同肠道微生物群的健康女性的大脑和行为特征。参与调查的40名女性提供了粪便样本,用以分析个体的肠道微生物组成。根据肠道细菌的组成,参与调查的女性被分为两组:33人拥有更多的拟杆菌(Bacteroides),其他人拥有更多的普氏菌(Prevotella)。同时,研究人员采集了她们观察图像或者能够引起情绪反应的行为或事件时的大脑磁共振图像。

结果发现,Bacteroides组的女性额叶皮质和脑岛(frontal cortex and insula,与复杂的信息处理相关的大脑区域)中的灰质更厚。同时,该组女性的海马体(大脑中与记忆处理相关的区域)体积也更大。

相比而言,Prevotella组的女性大脑中负责情绪、注意力和感觉的区域之间联系更多,并且包括海马体在内的一些大脑区域容量更小。在观察负面图像时,该组女性的海马体活跃性更低。同时,在观察负面图像后,与Bacteroides组的女性相比,Prevotella组的女性表现出更高水平的负面情绪,如焦虑、悲痛和和易怒。

这些结果支持了健康人群中大脑与肠道菌群互相作用的观点。

一篇揭示肠道菌群与大脑疾病关联的Nature

肠道菌群是近几年热度不断攀升的研究领域之一。先前的研究发现,它们不仅能影响药效,还与帕金森病、阿尔茨海默症等疾病有关。看到这项新研究,小编不禁想到不久前发表在Nature杂志上的一篇论文(Endothelial TLR4 and the microbiome drive cerebral cavernous malformations)。

在这一研究中,来自宾夕法尼亚大学的一个科学家小组调查了导致脑海绵状畸形(Cerebral cavernous malformations)病变背后的机制,发现了与肠道细菌间意外的关联。当细菌被清除时,病变的数量大大减少了。科学家们认为,改变患者体内的微生物组可能会成为这种脑血管疾病的有效方法。

原始出处:

Kirsten Tillisch, et al. Brain structure and response to emotional stimuli as related to gut microbial profiles in healthy women. Psychosomatic Medicine. Publish Ahead of Print():, JUN 2017.

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