盘点:近期关于治疗糖尿病药物二甲双胍研究进展一览

2017-12-31 lishiting MedSci原创

【1】JAHA:胰岛素和二甲双胍对糖尿病心肌损伤和应激的影响!亚临床心肌损伤,主要通过检测高敏心肌肌钙蛋白T(hsTnT)来衡量,与心肌应激,通过测量N-末端B型钠尿肽前体(NT proBNP)来判断,与2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制有关,并且是不良心血管事件的强预测因子。近日,心血管疾病领域权威杂志JAHA上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员试图明确降脂治疗是否可以改善2型糖尿病患者的心肌损伤和心肌应激

【1】JAHA:胰岛素和二甲双胍糖尿病心肌损伤和应激的影响!

临床心肌损伤,主要通过检测高敏心肌肌钙蛋白T(hsTnT)来衡量,与心肌应激,通过测量N-末端B型钠尿肽前体(NT proBNP)来判断,与2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制有关,并且是不良心血管事件的强预测因子。近日,心血管疾病领域权威杂志JAHA上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员试图明确降脂治疗是否可以改善2型糖尿病患者的心肌损伤和心肌应激指标。

研究人员采用2×2因素设计方案,将438例2型糖尿病患者随机分为接受甘精胰岛素、二甲双胍、两者组合或安慰剂治疗组,并在治疗结束后12周测量了NT-proBNP和hsTnT的变化。

在基线水平,NT-proBNP和hsTnT的血浆浓度中位数(Q1-Q3)分别为35.4(15.7-86.3)ng/L和6.7(4.6-10.1)ng/L。在胰岛素组调整后的(95%置信区间)NT-proBNP浓度变化为20.7%(7.9至35),非胰岛素治疗为0.13%(-10.8至12.5)(P=0.03)。这些变化与禁食或餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白、体重、血压或炎症的变化无关。在二甲双胍治疗组,调整后的NT-proBNP变化为7.8%(-3.7至20.7),相比于未接受二甲双胍的治疗组为13%(0.72至26.8)(P=0.58)。在任何治疗组中均未观察到hsTnT浓度的显著变化。(原文详见--JAHA:胰岛素和二甲双胍对糖尿病心肌损伤和应激的影响

【2】Lancet Diabetes Endo:吡格列酮的心血管风险如何?

2017年发表于《Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol》上的一项随机、多中心试验,考察了吡格列酮vs磺脲类药物对二甲双胍未充分控制血糖的2型糖尿病患者心血管事件发生率的影响。

这篇研究旨在明确仅二甲双胍未能充分血糖控制的2型糖尿病患者的最佳治疗选择。在比较将吡格列酮vs磺脲类药物加入二甲双胍治疗方案中,2型糖尿病患者心血管事件的长期影响。

TOSCA.IT是一项多中心随机务实临床试验,试验对象为二甲双胍单一治疗未充分血糖控制的50~75岁2型糖尿病患者(2-3g/d),来自于意大利57个糖尿病诊所。患者按照区组随机化(块大小10),以1:1的比例随机分配至吡格列酮(15~45mg)或磺脲类药物(格列本脲5~15mg、格列美脲2~6mg或格列齐特30~120mg,根据当地的实际)中,患者均在使用二甲双胍,并根据地区和既往心血管事件进行分层。试验非盲,但事件的裁决者对治疗分组不知。通过Cox成比例风险模型评估改良意愿治疗人群(所有随机分配的具有基线数据且未违反任何入组或排除标准相关方案的参与者)的首要结局,首要结局为全因死亡、非致命性心肌梗死、非致命性卒中或紧急冠状动脉血运重建等首次发生的复合。

结果显示,3028名参与者随机分组并纳入到分析中。吡格列酮组1535人,磺脲类药物1493人[格列本脲24人(2%)、格列美脲723人(48%)、格列齐特745人(50%)]。基线时,335人(11%)具有既往心血管事件。中位随访57.3个月后,基于无效分析,研究早期停止。吡格列酮组和磺脲类药物组分别有105人(1.5/100人年)和108人(1.5/100人年)发生了首要结局(HR,0.96;95% CI,0.74~1.26;P=0.79)。吡格列酮组比磺脲类药物组发生低血糖的患者数少[148(10%)vs 508(34%),P<0.0001]。两组都发生中等程度的增重(平均少于2kg)。组间心衰、膀胱癌、骨折的发生率无显着性差异。

在这项长期实效性研究中,磺脲类药物(多数为格列美脲和格列齐特)和吡格列酮作为二甲双胍的联合治疗方案所造成的心血管事件的发生率相似。这些广泛可及和可承担的治疗方法在有效性和不良事件上都是可行合适的选择,但吡格列酮与更少的低血糖事件相关。(原文详见--Lancet Diabetes Endo:吡格列酮的心血管风险如何

【3】EUR J PHARMACOL:二甲双胍阻断由刺激α1-和α2-肾上腺素能受体介导的血管加压素反应的药理学证据

据报道,二甲双胍可以降低血压,但机制尚未描述。事实上,其作用机制与α-肾上腺素能受体的相互作用或抑制交感神经传出。

研究确定了二甲双胍阻断α1/ 2肾上腺素受体激动剂诱导的血管升压反应或选择性电刺激交感神经传出的能力。他们首先将Wistar雄性大鼠麻醉,麻醉,并进行插管来选择性节前刺激血管,加压剂交感神经传出或给药。比较i.v.注射二甲双胍(180和310毫克/千克)或它的溶剂(双蒸水)引起的血管加压反应效果:(1)选择性刺激交感神经(0.03-3赫兹); (2)外源去甲肾上腺素(0.03-3μg/ kg); (3)甲氧胺(1-100μg/ kg);和(4) UK 14,304  14,304(0.1-30μg/ kg)。在二甲双胍环境下对去甲肾上腺素的心动过速反应也进行了研究。选择性电刺激交感神经传出诱导的血管加压反应被二甲双胍(180和310mg / kg)所减弱,但在溶剂条件下血压保持不变。此外,外源性去甲肾上腺素,甲氧胺和英国14,304诱导的血管加压反应被i.v.剂量抑制。静脉注射二甲双胍(180和310 mg / kg),不受溶剂的影响。二甲双胍实际上不能阻断对去甲肾上腺素的心动过速反应,除非达到3μg/ kg的剂量。

这些结果表明二甲双胍能够阻断血管α1/ 2肾上腺素能受体,但不能阻断心脏β-肾上腺素能受体。因此,这种机制可能至少部分有助于二甲双胍诱导的低血压反应。(原文详见--EUR J PHARMACOL:二甲双胍阻断由刺激α1-和α2-肾上腺素能受体介导的血管加压素反应的药理学证据

【4】Diabetes Care:抗高血糖药物:开始二线治疗前一线药物的使用情况如何?

2017年11月,发表在《Diabetes Care》的一项由美国和台湾科学家进行的研究考察了抗高血糖药物中,开始二线药物前一线药物的使用情况。

美国糖尿病协会(ADA)推荐二甲双胍作为2型糖尿病的一线治疗。然而,抗高血糖药物的不依从较为常见,临床医师可能会将不依从与治疗失败相混淆,潜在导致过早开具二线治疗处方。研究者考察了二线治疗起始前,二甲双胍的使用情况。

这一回顾性横断面研究,使用了美国一家健康保险公司2010年至2015年覆盖人群中无法辨认的成员赔付数据。纳入由2名医师或1次住院确诊的2型糖尿病受益人。通过在60天中的天数比例,测量二甲双胍的推荐使用情况。通过敏感性分析,研究者估算了使用低成本普通处方药计划的受益人比例。

结果显示,共计52544例2型糖尿病个体符合纳入标准。在22956例被给予二线治疗的患者中,仅1875例(8.2%)患者在之前60天有使用二甲双胍的证据,6441例(28.0%)患者没有曾经服用二甲双胍的支付证据。在灵敏度的最高范围,仅有49.5%的患者被推荐服用。如果没有证据显示二甲双胍被推荐服用,被给予二线药物的患者更有可能被给予额外的二线抗高血糖药物或胰岛素(P<0.001)。

尽管已发布指南,但二线治疗常在无一线治疗使用的情况下开始。明显的治疗失败很常见,实际上可能是因为对指南不依从。需要定点治疗和人群层面的流程,以监测和改善指南的依从性。(原文详见--Diabetes Care:抗高血糖药物:开始二线治疗前一线药物的使用情况如何

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    2018-01-02 雅文博武

    学习了很多先进的医疗技术

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    2018-01-01 swfzhanggui

    *****临床应用量和范围都有待提高

    0

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    2017-12-31 changjiu

    学习一下.谢谢

    0

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    2017-12-31 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    *****神奇的药物.

    0

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