Nature:我国癌症免疫疗法重大发现!调节胆固醇代谢增加T细胞抗肿瘤效应

2016-03-17 生物谷 生物谷

作为免疫系统的得力干将,T细胞监测肿瘤,并且直接发挥抗肿瘤效应。然而,肿瘤通过肿瘤微环境中的多种机制逃避T细胞攻击。重新激活T细胞的抗肿瘤作用已被证实在治疗多种癌症中具有巨大的临床益处。然而,当前基于T细胞的癌症免疫疗法只在部分病人群体中有疗效。因此,科学家还需要开发出让更多病人受益的癌症免疫疗法。在一项新的研究中,来自中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所的许琛琦团队和李伯良团队

作为免疫系统的得力干将,T细胞监测肿瘤,并且直接发挥抗肿瘤效应。然而,肿瘤通过肿瘤微环境中的多种机制逃避T细胞攻击。重新激活T细胞的抗肿瘤作用已被证实在治疗多种癌症中具有巨大的临床益处。然而,当前基于T细胞的癌症免疫疗法只在部分病人群体中有疗效。因此,科学家还需要开发出让更多病人受益的癌症免疫疗法。

在一项新的研究中,来自中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所的许琛琦团队和李伯良团队发现抑制胆固醇酯化能够增强CD8+ T细胞(也被称作杀伤性T细胞)的抗肿瘤活性。相关研究结果于2016年3月16日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“Potentiating the antitumour response of CD8+ T cells by modulating cholesterol metabolism”。

这种改善T细胞功能的新方法可能被用作当前癌症免疫疗法(如免疫检查点阻断)的补充。

在这项研究中,研究人员从一个新角度研究了T细胞的抗肿瘤免疫反应。他们认为调节T细胞代谢能够让杀伤性T细胞“在代谢上更适合”抵抗肿瘤细胞。作为细胞膜脂质的关键组分,胆固醇在T细胞信号转导和功能中发挥着重要作用。

研究人员发现抑制胆固醇酯化酶ACAT1能够增加细胞质膜上的胆固醇水平,因而促进T细胞信号转导和杀伤过程。ACAT1的一种小分子抑制剂阿伐麦布(avasimibe)已被用来治疗肿瘤模式小鼠体内的癌症,而且表现出良好的抗肿瘤效果。组合使用阿伐麦布和作为一种免疫检查点阻断药物的抗PD-1抗体表现出更好的抗肿瘤效果。

这项研究开创癌症免疫疗法新领域,并且鉴定出ACAT1是一种大有希望的药物靶标。值得提及一下的是,在之前治疗动脉粥样硬化的临床试验中,阿伐麦布经测试具有良好的人类安全记录。因此,阿伐麦布可能是一种用于癌症免疫疗法的不错候选药物。

原始出处:

Wei Yang,Yibing Bai,et al.Potentiating the antitumour response of CD8+ T cells by modulating cholesterol metabolism.Nature (2016) doi:10.1038/nature17412

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    2017-02-07 liye789132251
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    2016-03-23 hjj0000

    代谢+免疫,牛掰!

    0

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    2016-03-19 wei834766788

    复杂

    0

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    2016-03-19 wei834766788

    难懂

    0

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    2016-03-18 lovetcm

    代谢是非常复杂的课题,它与机体的免疫的方方面面都有关系

    0

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继1980年代化疗和2000年代的靶向治疗之后,免疫肿瘤学是改善非小细胞肺癌治疗效果的第三波潮流。免疫疗法对于肺癌患者有可能产生持久的治疗反应,这将是改善肺癌治疗效果的最大的潮流。

Nature Medicine:免疫疗法在多发性骨髓瘤治疗中取得重大成功

近年来,免疫疗法成为了一种有前景的癌症治疗方法。遗传改造患者自身的免疫细胞来靶向肿瘤,现在这一策略在对当前无法治愈的一种恶性浆细胞疾病——多发性骨髓瘤的治疗中取得了重大成功。相关的研究结果发布在《自然医学》(Nature Medicine)杂志上。 患者在接受了自体干细胞移植后,体内再度被输入大约24亿个遗传改造T细胞。20名晚期患者其中的16人产生了显著的临床反应。科学家们发现患者能 够普遍

肿瘤免疫疗法——多突变癌症克星

肿瘤中的基因突变越多,新免疫疗法就越有效。人类结肠癌细胞。图片来源:URBAIN WEYEMI, CHRISTOPHE E. REDON, WILLIAM M. BONNER 临床试验中使用的新型免疫系统激活抗癌药物让许多看似无法治愈的黑素瘤或肺癌患者重获新生,但这些药物对结肠癌似乎无效。不过有一个例外——一位男性患者的结肠癌转移瘤在2007年接受药物治疗后消失了——引起了研究人员的兴趣

Cell:病毒警报阻断癌症

近日,国外的研究人员利用人类肿瘤细胞和小鼠实验已经找到一种方法来触发免疫系统的一种“病毒警报”,这可激发癌症患者对免疫治疗药物的反应。一种越来越有前途的癌症研究的焦点,药物是为了解除癌症细胞避免检测和破坏免疫系统的能力。该内容发表在8月27日的Cell《细胞》杂志上,Johns Hopkins领导的研究小组说,他们发现了一个核心基因组与病毒防御预警系统相关,并且对脱甲基药物5-氮胞苷易感,用相关的

免疫疗法变革癌症治疗前需突破的四大挑战

大多数人都知道传统癌症疗法:手术切除肿瘤,化疗(化学治疗)和放疗(放射治疗)。但近五年来,利用我们的免疫系统对抗癌症的新一类药物正逐渐引领癌症治疗的潮流。 免疫系统攻击癌细胞。图片来源:shutterstock免疫疗法动员免疫系统来对抗癌症,就像它对抗细菌和病毒一样,而不是通过放化疗来杀死癌细胞。对于一个像我这样训练有素的免疫学者来说,免疫疗法为理解和治疗癌症打开了新的大门。在将来,免疫疗法可