Sci Immun:癌症免疫疗法,也可以作为一种疫苗,是肿瘤治愈的希望

2017-11-11 白木清水 来宝网

研究人员已经开发出一种黑色素增强的癌症免疫疗法技术,也可以作为一种疫苗,基于早期在小鼠模型中做的实验。该技术通过透皮贴剂施用。

研究人员已经开发出一种黑色素增强的癌症免疫疗法技术,也可以作为一种疫苗,基于早期在小鼠模型中做的实验。该技术通过透皮贴剂施用

“黑色素是一种天然的色素,可以有效地将吸收的阳光能量转化为热能,”研究论文的作者、北卡罗来纳州立大学和北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)的联合生物医学工程项目的副教授说。“我们证明,在黑色素瘤中发现的黑色素,实际上可以用来帮助治疗黑色素瘤,我们通过在治疗性皮肤贴片上照射近红外(IR)光来实现这一点,其促进了与癌症作斗争的全身性免疫反应“。

皮肤中有许多免疫细胞,这里的基本概念是训练人体的免疫系统,以有效地对黑色素瘤细胞的存在做出反应 - 这既能限制肿瘤发展的可能性,也能帮助身体抵抗肿瘤 已经建立起来了。“这项工作的主要作者,生物医学工程联合项目的博士生阎焱琪说。

这项新技术从一种裂解性黑色素瘤细胞的裂解物开始。裂解液用于填充一组微针,嵌在聚合物透皮贴片上。裂解物本身是不活跃和无害的。但是当这个贴片被应用到皮肤上,这个身体最大的免疫器官,免疫系统知道,不管裂解物是什么,它都不应该在那里。这引发了免疫反应,这种反应让免疫系统“记住”黑色素瘤的溶解,提高它的反应时间和效率,再次遇到黑素瘤。

由于黑色素瘤含有高水平的色素黑色素,裂解物填充的微针颜色相当黑暗。 他们吸收光线。 研究人员利用这一新技术,将红外光照射到透皮贴片上。 然后,光线被微针中的黑色素大量吸收,从而迅速提高贴片所在皮肤的温度。

局部炎热导致皮肤发热样环境,促进微针释放裂解物,有效吸引和激活免疫细胞。 升高的温度也有助于局部增加的血液和淋巴流动,促进免疫细胞的迁移。 这种增加的免疫反应放大了身体记住和响应裂解物的能力,更好地防止黑素瘤侵入。

为了测试贴片作为疫苗的潜力,研究人员使用三组小鼠:一组获得贴片并暴露于IR光; 一组得到了补丁,但没有暴露在红外光下; 一个小组得到了一个空的补丁。 老鼠有补丁五天。 贴剂应用10天后,给小鼠注射活性黑素瘤细胞。

在一个月内,所有接受空白贴剂的老鼠都死于黑色素瘤。 裂解物贴片本身在没有暴露于近红外光的情况下提供了很少的保护:只有13%的小鼠存活。 同时,100%获得裂解物贴剂和IR光的小鼠在两个月后存活 - 其中87%没有肿瘤。

为了进一步测试该贴片的治疗特性,研究人员进行了类似的实验。除了这一次,所有的老鼠都已经发展出两个肿瘤——一个在身体的每一边。该贴片被放置在他们身体左侧的肿瘤上。

接受裂解剂和IR光的小鼠肿瘤体积明显下降,尽管左边的肿瘤(即斑块下的肿瘤)收缩得更多。这个贴片本身,没有红外线,有限的肿瘤生长—尤其是在左边,但没有根除它。

这项研究的合着者、北卡罗来纳大学医学院(University of North Carolina School of Medicine)的教授吉安皮特罗·多蒂(Gianpietro Dotti)说:“这表明,这项技术可能在靶向癌症转移和原发性肿瘤方面发挥作用。”

随后,研究人员用另外两种癌症——乳腺癌和一种黑色素瘤的第二种黑色素瘤——来进行类似的实验。在这两种情况下,研究人员将黑色素添加到裂解物中,使其更容易吸收。结果与第一种黑色素瘤的结果相似:与近红外光谱结合使用的斑块得到了最有希望的结果。

“这些结果令人鼓舞,但我们处于发展的早期阶段,”Gu说。下一步将是一项大型动物研究,以进一步评估该技术的安全性和有效性。虽然现在估计成本还为时过早,但我们认为这种治疗方法可以扩大,而且可以负担得起。

这篇论文发表在《科学免疫学》杂志上,是“一种黑色素介导的癌症免疫疗法”。

原始出处

Yanqi Ye, Chao Wang, Xudong Zhang, et al. A melanin-mediated cancer immunotherapy patch. Science Immunology  10 Nov 2017: Vol. 2, Issue 17, eaan5692.DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aan5692.

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    2017-12-13 jyzxjiangqin

    癌症免疫疗法.

    0

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    2017-12-02 jyzxjiangqin

    癌症免疫疗法应用.

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=269034, encodeId=f1522690344f, content=癌症免疫疗法., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Dec 13 07:22:05 CST 2017, time=2017-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=266102, encodeId=2499266102df, content=癌症免疫疗法应用., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sat Dec 02 07:25:56 CST 2017, time=2017-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=263554, encodeId=4af3263554d1, content=好好学习努力向上, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Thu Nov 23 08:46:31 CST 2017, time=2017-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=263012, encodeId=c9c1263012ef, content=癌症免疫疗法., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Tue Nov 21 07:30:42 CST 2017, time=2017-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=262044, encodeId=e2532620441c, content=好消息.值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Fri Nov 17 16:55:36 CST 2017, time=2017-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260832, encodeId=5bfa26083213, content=优质资源.共同学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Sun Nov 12 19:15:45 CST 2017, time=2017-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260758, encodeId=5825260e58bc, content=希望能防止癌症, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160718/IMG578C993D395567540.jpg, createdBy=59b81918946, createdName=flysky120, createdTime=Sun Nov 12 10:10:41 CST 2017, time=2017-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260676, encodeId=50cb2606e67b, content=阅读.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Sun Nov 12 07:09:39 CST 2017, time=2017-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-23 虈亣靌

    好好学习努力向上

    0

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    2017-11-21 jyzxjiangqin

    癌症免疫疗法.

    0

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    2017-11-17 虈亣靌

    好消息.值得学习

    0

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    2017-11-12 虈亣靌

    优质资源.共同学习

    0

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    2017-11-12 flysky120

    希望能防止癌症

    0

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    2017-11-12 刘煜

    阅读.谢谢分享

    0

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