Science Bulletin:全球首例人感染H7N4禽流感病毒病例

2018-08-23 佚名 病毒学界

近年来,禽流感感染人的事件不断发生,新型禽流感不断出现,严重威胁着公共卫生安全。

近年来,禽流感感染人的事件不断发生,新型禽流感不断出现,严重威胁着公共卫生安全。近日,江苏省疾控、国家疾控制中心、中国科学院微生物研究所等团队合作,在《Science Bulletin》(IF:4.136)杂志上发文,报道了从一例严重肺炎病例的呼吸道标本中发现并确认了一种基因为野禽源的新型重组H7N4流感病毒,这是全球首次证实H7N4禽流感病毒可导致严重的人类感染

研究背景

1、禽流感病毒感染人的事件

最早有证据的禽流感病毒感染人的事件可追溯到1959年。然而,直至1997年H5N1病毒在香港导致了18例病例,其中6人死亡,才真正敲响了警钟。此后,越来越多的禽流感病毒亚型被发现可以感染人类,包括H5N6,H6N1,H7N2,H7N3,H7N7,H9N2,H10N8 等。其中, H7亚型禽流感尤为受到关注。

2013年,一种可感染人的新型H7N9禽流感病毒出现,短短几年已导致超过1500例病例,病死率超过30%。目前,在多部委的共同努力下,H7N9疫情基本得到控制,但是否会有新的禽流感病毒替代并流行,成为人们新的关注。

2、全球首例报告的人感染甲型H7N4禽流感病毒病例

早在2018年2月22日,WHO官网信息显示:2018年2月14日,中国国家卫生和计划生育委员会向世界卫生组织(WHO)通报了一例人感染甲型H7N4禽流感病毒的案例。这是全球首例报告的人感染甲型H7N4禽流感病毒病例。

病例为江苏省一名68岁女性,既有冠心病和高血压,她于2017年12月25日出现症状。7天后,她住进当地医院治疗重症肺炎和21天后出院。2月12日,中国疾病预防控制中心(中国CDC)证实,该病例的样本甲型禽流感(H7N4)呈阳性。国家卫生和计划生育委员会于2018年2月13日证实了该诊断。该病例报告在症状出现之前有活家禽接触史。这种甲型(H7N4)病毒的基因测序显示所有的病毒片段都来源于禽流感病毒。该病毒对基于基因测序的金刚烷和神经氨酸酶抑制剂敏感。

3.相关文献

通过文献搜索,也能看到一些关于国内该例H7N4病例报告的文章,从首例H7N4在2018年初的发现通报,到JI和Sci Bull的文章报道,是将疾控工作转化成科研成果了。

结果速览

为应对包括禽流感在内的新发传染病的威胁,我国建立了不明原因肺炎监测体系,江苏省将范围进一步扩大至住院肺炎监测,以早期发现和识别具有公共卫生意义的异常感染事件。

本研究通过对患者、与患者密切接触者、共同暴露者进行样本采集以及从患者的后院、社区、当地活禽市场(LPMs)和最近的湖泊收集了家禽和野生鸟类的喉咙、泄殖和/或粪便样本,以追踪病毒的来源和传播范围。对采集样本进行了病毒核酸提取和检测、病毒分离培养、微量中和试验分析和基因组测序及遗传进化分析等系列检测分析。

这是全球首次证实H7N4禽流感病毒可导致严重的人类感染。流行病学调查和分子溯源分析认为,该病毒很可能来源于野禽,通过感染患者野外散养的家禽,进而跨种传播到人。序列分析发现,该病毒倾向结合α-2,3受体,对禽低致病性,对神经氨酸酶抑制剂敏感。进一步的病毒基因进化分析提示,该病毒的H7基因来源自欧亚系野鸟,而非来自H7N9病毒。

因病例的及时发现和快速处置,病人已康复出院,H7N4病毒未在当地禽间进一步扩散,也未导致更多的人类感染病例。然而,该事件再次提醒我们,流感病毒的进化从未停止,流感大流行的威胁始终存在,我们必须时刻保持警醒。临床不明原因肺炎监测以及多病原快速检测平台和下一代测序技术的运用,有助于对具有流感大流行潜力的新型流感病毒的早期识别和快速应对。


Fig1.Timeline of the clinical course and key indicators of the H7N4patient.


Fig2. Phylogenetic of HA and NA genes of the novel H7N4 viruses.

结 语

该研究作为封面文章发表在Science Bulletin 2018年第16期。同期配发了香港大学袁国勇院士的评论,认为“这起事件的公共卫生意义值得深入研究。应对野鸟、家禽和人类病例进行更密切的监测,以判断这种新型重组H7N4禽流感病毒会否取代H7N9病毒引起新的流行。”

原始出处:Xiang Huoah, Lun-biao Cuiah, Cong Chen, et al. Severe human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A(H7N4) virus. Science Bulletin. 19 July 2018

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    2018-08-25 jichang
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    2018-08-23 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,长知识

    0

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