J Clin Diagn Res:单侧腰麻和连续腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉用于下肢骨科手术的疗效和安全性的比较

2017-11-13 佘玉琦 “罂粟花”微信公众号

我们的研究结果显示,单侧单次腰麻是一种具有成本效益且快速进行的麻醉技术。10 mg布比卡因单侧单次腰麻和5mg腰麻以及硬膜外腔补充的连续腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉都为下肢骨科手术提供了良好的感觉和运动阻滞,但连续腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉提供更稳定的血液动力学,具有延长阻滞的优点。因此,在高风险患者中,特别是下肢骨科手术中,连续腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉优于单侧单次腰麻。

背景与目的:骨科麻醉计划需要根据患者对预后的需求进行定制。连续腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉和单侧单次腰麻,均具有优于传统腰麻,并且具有阻滞时间较长以及低血压发生率较低的优点。本研究比较单侧腰麻和连续腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉用于下肢骨科手术的安全性和有效性。

方  法:本次前瞻性随机对照研究对60例年龄在18-65岁的ASA I-III的患者进行约2小时的下肢骨科手术。连续腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉组接受5mg 0.5%重比重的布比卡因的腰麻,随后硬膜外注入2cc 0.5%等比重布比卡因以达到和维持于T10水平。在单侧单次腰麻组中,单侧腰麻给予10mg 0.5%的重比重布比卡因。记录血液动力学参数,麻醉准备时间和阻滞特征,并使用不配对的Student t检验分析结果。

结  果:两组均未发生阻滞失败,两组的所有病人达到外科麻醉T10感觉水平,运动阻滞Bromage达到3级。单侧单次腰麻的麻醉准备时间较少(p <0.001),连续腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉患者的低血压发生率(p=0.0059)和麻黄碱使用的剂量均明显减少。单侧单次腰麻患者需要全身麻醉补充。

结  论:我们的研究结果显示,单侧单次腰麻是一种具有成本效益且快速进行的麻醉技术。10 mg布比卡因单侧单次腰麻和5mg腰麻以及硬膜外腔补充的连续腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉都为下肢骨科手术提供了良好的感觉和运动阻滞,但连续腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉提供更稳定的血液动力学,具有延长阻滞的优点。因此,在高风险患者中,特别是下肢骨科手术中,连续腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉优于单侧单次腰麻。

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