JACC:科学家揭示孕妇心脏损伤根源

2018-08-10 赵熙熙 中国科学报

对数十名患有最严重和最危险血压病症的孕妇进行的心脏成像研究表明,被称为先兆子痫的病症主要损害心脏在两次收缩之间放松的能力,使得心脏过度劳累,而泵血能力变差。


对数十名患有最严重和最危险血压病症的孕妇进行的心脏成像研究表明,被称为先兆子痫的病症主要损害心脏在两次收缩之间放松的能力,使得心脏过度劳累,而泵血能力变差。

先兆子痫是一种主要由高血压和器官损伤引起的疾病,估计有5%到8%的孕妇罹患此病;而在发展中国家,其导致的死亡率占孕妇总死亡率的60%,并且还会导致早产。近几十年来,研究人员已经意识到先兆子痫也会显著增加女性患心力衰竭、心脏病和中风的风险。但是其发生风险的方式和原因尚不清楚。

美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学科学家在日前发表于《美国心脏病学会杂志》的一项研究中,利用成像技术研究了最严重的10%患有先兆子痫孕妇的心脏泵血和放松情况。

该校医学院妇产科助理教授Arthur Jason Vaught说:“尽管我们已有许多方法可以识别和控制许多女性的危险因素,但健康女性有时会在没有任何先兆的情况下患上严重先兆子痫。如果我们能找到这种疾病背后的原因和机制,我们可能会找到更好的方法预防和治疗该病。”

研究人员确认了63名患有严重先兆子痫的女性,并建立了包括36名匹配的健康女性的对照组。他们将严重先兆子痫定义为血压高于160/110;尿液中蛋白质水平异常显示肾脏受损;确诊肾脏或肝脏受损;肺部有积液;血小板计数低;具有视力问题。研究参与者的平均年龄为30岁,其中47%为非裔美国人,44%为白人,9%为西班牙裔,4%为亚裔。

所有研究参与者在怀孕约33周时接受了超声心动图检查以获得心脏腔室的图像。成像结果显示,患有严重先兆子痫的女性心脏右心室的收缩压力较高,其平均水平为31毫米汞柱,而健康对照组的女性为22毫米汞柱。心室是心脏4个腔室中的两个下部泵室。

由于右心室在心脏收缩期间“缩短”或收缩,研究人员能够看到与健康对照组相比,患有严重先兆子痫的人有5%的心脏形状变化差异。

该校医学院医学助理教授Sammy Zakaria表示,该研究还得出结论,在患有严重先兆子痫的女性中,两个心脏收缩期之间的心脏放松并补充IBD%E8%AF%8A%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0-Part%202" target="_blank">血液的时间间隔也有异常,这降低了心脏将足够量的IBD%E8%AF%8A%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0-Part%202" target="_blank">血液泵入身体各部的能力,并使心脏过度劳累,甚至会在心脏泵血时导致心力衰竭。

由于患有严重先兆子痫的女性心脏的异常放松率,8名参与者已经有心力衰竭的迹象,并被归类为II级舒张功能障碍。

研究人员表示,患有先兆子痫的女性的左心房,即心脏的上腔,比健康女性大约3平方厘米,这是心脏扩张和过度劳累的另一个迹象。先兆子痫妇女的心脏壁平均比健康妇女厚0.2厘米。

Zakaria说:“更厚更大的心脏表明心脏比正常情况工作更加努力。当锻炼身体时,心脏会像身体的肌肉一样变大。但对于患有严重先兆子痫的女性而言,这并不是一件好事,而是心脏衰竭的重要危险因素。”

其中6名患有严重先兆子痫的女性还患有围产期肺水肿。Zakaria说,该病的特征是肺部积液,并导致母亲和胎儿肿胀、呼吸困难和其他并发症。

“对于患有先兆子痫的女性来说,怀孕期间该病对心脏泵血能力造成的损害是惊人的,而这种损害使其在未来更容易患心脏病和中风。”Vaught说。

目前研究人员并未建议所有孕妇经常接受心脏成像检查,该研究有助提高对风险的科学认知。

原始出处:

Jason Vaught,et al.Acute Cardiac Effects of Severe Pre-Eclampsia.Journal of the American College of Cardiology.Volume 72, Issue 1, 3 July 2018, Pages 1-11

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    2019-07-21 hbwxf
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    2018-08-12 李小猫

    学习了

    0

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