Cancer Res:双杀!全新溶瘤病毒问世!击溃癌细胞与肿瘤保护层!

2018-11-21 Ruthy,Zoe 转化医学网

癌症是一种非常古老的疾病,但即使在医疗技术发展得如火如荼的今日,彻底攻克癌症仍遥不可及,因而民众多畏之如虎。目前癌症治疗仍以传统手术、放疗、化疗为主,辅以靶向、免疫、细胞等疗法,但只要复发的问题一日不解决,攻克癌症就只是纸上谈兵。近日,牛津大学的研究人员开发了一种新型溶瘤病毒,实现了对癌细胞和肿瘤保护层的双杀!更重要的是,这种全新的免疫疗法有望彻底杜绝癌症复发!

癌症是一种非常古老的疾病,但即使在医疗技术发展得如火如荼的今日,彻底攻克癌症仍遥不可及,因而民众多畏之如虎。目前癌症治疗仍以传统手术、放疗、化疗为主,辅以靶向、免疫、细胞等疗法,但只要复发的问题一日不解决,攻克癌症就只是纸上谈兵。近日,牛津大学的研究人员开发了一种新型溶瘤病毒,实现了对癌细胞和肿瘤保护层的双杀!更重要的是,这种全新的免疫疗法有望彻底杜绝癌症复发!

在解释这种疗法前,得先说说癌症为什么会复发。我们知道,实体瘤由肿瘤实质和肿瘤间质组成,实质即为讨厌的肿瘤细胞,而肿瘤间质是肿瘤组织中除肿瘤细胞外其他成分的统称,其中癌相关成纤维细胞(Cancer associated fibroblasts, CAF)是肿瘤间质中主要的细胞类型。CAF通常通过诱导细胞增殖、炎症、血管生长和转移,促进肿瘤进展。

不仅如此,CAF还是癌症复发的罪魁祸首!理论上大部分疗法在治疗之初都可以杀灭绝大部分癌细胞,而CAF会为“漏网之鱼”创造出了一个免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境,它们可以分泌一些因子和细胞外基质成分,参与癌症的进展和化疗抵抗。这些“幸存”的癌细胞,就埋下了日后复发的隐患。

所以,想要彻底攻克癌症,单单针对癌细胞远远不够,打破CAF为癌细胞营造的保护层同样重要。击破CAF难吗?其实不难,针对成纤维细胞的药物从来不曾缺过,那为什么迟迟无法解决癌症复发的问题呢?关键就在于成纤维细胞的存在感实在是太强了!

不仅肿瘤组织,还有皮肤、骨组织等,只要是疏松结缔组织,主要细胞成分都是成纤维细胞!也就是说,如果单纯针对成纤维细胞,在消灭肿瘤的同时,其他组织也差不多罢工了,这也失去了治疗的意义。

换言之,我们需要一种可以特异性针对CAF、无碍于其他正常细胞的治疗方法,当然若能同时杀灭癌细胞就更棒了。有这种好事吗?研究人员用成果做了回答,他们让一种集灭癌细胞和破CAF的全新溶瘤病毒横空出世。这种病毒叫做enadenotucirev,经过基因改造后可表达一种特殊的蛋白质,称为双特异性T细胞接头(bispecific T-cell engager,BiTE)。

这种蛋白质既可特异性识别CAF表面的成纤维细胞活化蛋白(FAP),还能跟免疫T细胞结合将其活化,为CAF和T细胞搭建了一个特殊的桥梁,让二者“好好沟通”,而“沟通”的结果,就是免疫反应来袭,CAF崩解,保护层出现漏洞,癌细胞无所遁形。

那癌细胞怎么办呢?别忘了enadenotucirev是溶瘤病毒,特异性感染并杀死癌细胞是它的天职。更有意思的是,enadenotucirev感染癌细胞后,还能以癌细胞为基地大量生产BiTE,这就保证免疫T细胞和CAF的“沟通”愈发“亲密”,最终结果,自然是CAF和癌细胞一起被击溃了,当然也不用再担心癌症复发的问题了。

对癌症疗法,我们最担心的除了疗效,就是毒副作用的问题了。研究结果显示,在健康人的骨髓样本中,enadenotucirev并不会激活T细胞,它只在癌症细胞样本中有奇效。也就是说,enadenotucirev是一种特异性非常好的新型免疫疗法,我们不用害怕在消灭CAF的同时伤及自身组织。

这项研究无异于是2018年癌症免疫治疗领域的又一黑马,虽然目前仅流于细胞实验,但其令人惊叹的成果仍极大鼓舞了我们对抗癌症的信心。这项研究仅仅是个开始,进一步的实验、相关药物与技术的开发仍需时间和人力物力财力的支出,我们期待彻底攻克癌症的那一天!

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    2018-11-23 cqykthl

    有点儿期望值太高了哦!彻底?

    0

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    2018-11-23 yxch36
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    2018-11-22 小玉米爱学习

    特异性如此突出厉害厉害希望不断测试早些应用临床

    0

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    2018-11-22 123f781dm30暂无昵称

    希望早日有所成果 感謝分享

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353429, encodeId=45cf353429dd, content=有点儿期望值太高了哦!彻底?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdicLmdJEK9VoiaDianY6fzHNN9iaGv80m39pMHU3eSnNN0kn1o0rdQ7Bz2f03Qibcf1ia7rKvxIt4UVlErF2d4gCmDC5/0, createdBy=98e31740255, createdName=cqykthl, createdTime=Fri Nov 23 08:53:42 CST 2018, time=2018-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252552, encodeId=5273125255237, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Fri Nov 23 02:01:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353364, encodeId=3dfd3533644f, content=特异性如此突出厉害厉害希望不断测试早些应用临床, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/0czGNpAAUcxTk4WgxjSMM5oFohS9EWoibu6VFrzqrGoed893ia5XYiakZwuWKDby2J1x6WsicJL198HciaEKkywcjAw/132, createdBy=01892488147, createdName=小玉米爱学习, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 13:43:53 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353361, encodeId=2f23353361c0, content=希望早日有所成果 感謝分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17832451753, createdName=123f781dm30暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 13:08:34 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353348, encodeId=97dd35334847, content=该疗法如果能够实现,不仅是肿瘤治疗史上的一次重大革新,而且更是医学史上的一次重大革命,它将掀开肿瘤治疗的新篇章,为肿瘤患者生命的延续创造无可估量的价值!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2bb62475613, createdName=Kinely, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 12:36:38 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353254, encodeId=0ef33532547a, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Wed Nov 21 13:28:38 CST 2018, time=2018-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-22 Kinely

    该疗法如果能够实现,不仅是肿瘤治疗史上的一次重大革新,而且更是医学史上的一次重大革命,它将掀开肿瘤治疗的新篇章,为肿瘤患者生命的延续创造无可估量的价值!

    0

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    2018-11-21 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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