SCI TRANSL MED:难怪免疫治疗对有些患者无效!原来PD-1抗体都被巨噬细胞吃了

2017-05-15 佚名 奇点网

真是万万没想到!巨噬细胞竟然把抗癌药吃了,难怪有那么多患者对PD-1/L1抗体不响应。如果不是哈佛大学医学院附属麻省总医院的Mikael J. Pittet教授团队亲眼看到,任谁也不会想到,作为人体安全卫士的巨噬细胞,竟然会把好不容易结合到T细胞上的抗癌药物PD-1抗体吞噬掉。

真是万万没想到!巨噬细胞竟然把抗癌药吃了,难怪有那么多患者对PD-1/L1抗体不响应。如果不是哈佛大学医学院附属麻省总医院的Mikael J. Pittet教授团队亲眼看到,任谁也不会想到,作为人体安全卫士的巨噬细胞,竟然会把好不容易结合到T细胞上的抗癌药物PD-1抗体吞噬掉。

今天,Pittet教授团队的这一重要研究成果以封面的形式刊登在《科学转化医学》上。文章的第一作者是Sean P. Arlauckas和Christopher S. Garris。


F1.medium科学转化医学的封面

目前最有希望的抗癌方案就是通过免疫检查点抑制剂增强机体免疫系统对抗肿瘤。然而目前FDA批准的所有的免疫检查点抑制剂都不是对所有患者有效,研究人员对于免疫检查点的耐药机制还没有完全的了解。然而来自马萨诸塞州总医院Pittet教授的团队想知道,PD-1抗体进入人体之后究竟发生了什么,是什么在阻挡它起作用。

他们了解背后机制的方法很特殊,直接看。对,就是看!

这就要感谢活体显微镜技术的出现。为了在显微镜下看到药物起作用的整个过程,Pittet教授团队给PD-1抗体加了个黄色标记。然后利用活体显微镜来实时监测标记后的PD-1抗体在结肠癌小鼠模型中的动向。

他们发现在结肠癌模型小鼠体内注射标记的PD-1抗体5分钟后,就在肿瘤微环境内的T细胞上发现了染色标记。这是最早在肿瘤组织中检测到被标记的细胞。研究人员观察到,最开始标记的PD-1抗体结合到肿瘤浸润T细胞周围而几分钟后在T细胞表明形成色块,之后,这些色块被发现都在肿瘤相关巨噬细胞内。

这些原本用来激活T细胞的PD-1抗体怎么都跑到巨噬细胞里面去了?被巨噬细胞吃了?

为了深入了解巨噬细胞是如何吃掉PD-1抗体的。研究人员首先提取了三种肿瘤模型中小鼠体内相关细胞发现,大部分的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞内都有PD-1抗体。随后的数据线性回归分析发现,巨噬细胞吃掉抗体与巨噬细胞的数量无关,即使巨噬细胞的数量极低,PD-1也能被吃光,而且巨噬细胞不会主动与PD-1抗体结合。

研究人员随后在体外创建了一个由骨髓分离得到的巨噬细胞,T细胞共培养体系来研究巨噬细胞是如何吃掉抗体的。首先将T细胞与标记后的PD-1抗体共培养,然后与巨噬细胞共培养,在实验中发现,标记后的PD-1抗体在数分钟之内就从T细胞上转移至巨噬细胞中。这不能仅仅归结为巨噬细胞的吞噬作用,因为研究人员加入了吞噬抑制剂后,这一转移仍旧很快发生。并且巨噬细胞不会吞噬没有与T细胞结合的标记的PD-1受体。


表面吸附PD-1抗体的T细胞加上Fcγ受体抑制剂后不会被巨噬细胞吞噬反之aPD-1抗体会被 吞噬

既然肿瘤相关巨噬细胞并不与PD-1抗体结合,也不会在标记的PD-1抗体注射的早期吃掉PD-1抗体。因此研究人员推测,PD-1抗体的转移是通过一种非抗原特异性机制。随后研究人员发现巨噬细胞表面存在Fcγ受体,这一受体与T细胞PD-1抗体复合物上Fc结构域相结合,介导PD-1抗体的吞噬。

随后研究人员利用以流式细胞计监测的抗体转移实验证明了这一发现。T细胞首先与染色后的PD-1抗体共培养30分钟,后与巨噬细胞一起培养,最后用流式细胞计分析,大量PD-1抗体在巨噬细胞内被测出。然而,在实验开始时加入Fcγ受体抑制剂那么PD-1抗体就不会从T细胞转移到巨噬细胞。之后研究人员利用酶偶联免疫吸收剂实验发现,巨噬细胞与T细胞以及与鼠PD-1抗体同源的IgG2a抗体共培养,同样IgG2a抗体被巨噬细胞降解。

由于Fc/FcγR与抗体的结合与抗体的Fc结构域上的多糖结构相关,研究人员分析了老鼠的PD-1抗体以及人类PD-1抗体,结果发现老鼠和人类PD-1抗体上主要糖的类型是相同的。从而研究人员怀疑老鼠体内Fcγ受体介导的抗体转移,人体也会发生相关的抗体转移。



nivolumab

随后研究人员在体外将人PD-1抗体nivolumab用AF647标记并在体外共培养系统中与免疫 T细胞共培养,之后从人体血液单核细胞中分离出巨噬细胞,再将二者用共培养3天,同样导致PD-1抗体转移到巨噬细胞,同样转移可以被Fcγ受体抑制剂抑制。证明Fcγ受体同样调节nivolumab在人体的摄取。

同时研究人员也找到了防止PD-1抗体被吞噬的方法。研究人员利用一种酶PNGaseF来除去老鼠PD-1抗体上的糖链,然后用AF647标记,发现除去糖之后的PD-1仍能与T细胞结合,并且不会被巨噬细胞吃掉。之后研究人员在小鼠体内验证了当Fcγ受体被抑制后,PD-1抗体的活性,发现当Fcγ受体被抑制后显着延长PD-1抗体与T细胞结合的时间,并且Fcγ受体被阻断的结肠癌模型小鼠中所有小鼠对PD-1抗体产生响应,所有小鼠的肿瘤都被完全抑制。

目前PD-1抗体单独使用的响应率仅30%左右。而小鼠体内,PD-1抗体加Fcγ受体阻断剂却对所有老鼠产生响应。这一发现无疑对目前免疫治疗领域造成巨大影响,为免疫治疗不敏感癌症患者提供新的治疗方案,让癌症变得不再可怕。

原始出处:

Sean P. Arlauckas, Christopher S. Garris, Rainer H. Kohler, et al. In vivo imaging reveals a tumor-associated macrophage–mediated resistance pathway in anti–PD-1 therapy. Science Translational Medicine 10 May 2017: Vol. 9, Issue 389, eaal3604. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3604.

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    2017-05-23 wl1122050

    能早日指导临床实际工作!

    0

  3. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM6lQViaiaazgKwu3ASkx2y57ib6ISo2VFcU2BYlssBOpcOQcjB5rSVpl36mTeQD5lzAvY9wwxyOuebVA/0, createdBy=57c11919303, createdName=wl1122050, createdTime=Tue May 23 15:48:20 CST 2017, time=2017-05-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1656778, encodeId=85a11656e78fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Thu Jun 15 08:35:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577082, encodeId=7a4e15e7082ff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a2a613914cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PD-1抗体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13914, encryptionId=a2a613914cd, topicName=PD-1抗体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=021d16387966, createdName=1249857fm37暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed May 17 10:35:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1607521, encodeId=60d1160e521eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Wed May 17 10:35:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=199084, encodeId=4853199084e0, content=好文,值得点赞!认真学习了,把经验应用于实践,为患者解除病痛。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Wed May 17 07:33:29 CST 2017, time=2017-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198936, encodeId=e7e1198936ea, content=涨知识了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=550d2008262, createdName=luominglian113, createdTime=Tue May 16 23:36:43 CST 2017, time=2017-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198662, encodeId=82cc19866200, content=很好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ad4c106013, createdName=Drhzm308, createdTime=Tue May 16 06:50:18 CST 2017, time=2017-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198560, encodeId=eb6119856027, content=继续学习。 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue May 16 00:28:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198532, encodeId=b71c1985327c, content=终于知道为什么前段时间nature子刊说pd1部分患者无效!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170224/IMG58AFD85BAD0444153.jpg, createdBy=25412017681, createdName=Dr. H, createdTime=Mon May 15 23:49:48 CST 2017, time=2017-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-15 bsmagic9140
  4. 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GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198662, encodeId=82cc19866200, content=很好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ad4c106013, createdName=Drhzm308, createdTime=Tue May 16 06:50:18 CST 2017, time=2017-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198560, encodeId=eb6119856027, content=继续学习。 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue May 16 00:28:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), 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  5. 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GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198662, encodeId=82cc19866200, content=很好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ad4c106013, createdName=Drhzm308, createdTime=Tue May 16 06:50:18 CST 2017, time=2017-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198560, encodeId=eb6119856027, content=继续学习。 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue May 16 00:28:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), 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  6. 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GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=199084, encodeId=4853199084e0, content=好文,值得点赞!认真学习了,把经验应用于实践,为患者解除病痛。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Wed May 17 07:33:29 CST 2017, time=2017-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198936, encodeId=e7e1198936ea, content=涨知识了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=550d2008262, createdName=luominglian113, createdTime=Tue May 16 23:36:43 CST 2017, time=2017-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198662, encodeId=82cc19866200, content=很好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ad4c106013, createdName=Drhzm308, createdTime=Tue May 16 06:50:18 CST 2017, time=2017-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198560, encodeId=eb6119856027, content=继续学习。 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue May 16 00:28:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198532, encodeId=b71c1985327c, content=终于知道为什么前段时间nature子刊说pd1部分患者无效!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170224/IMG58AFD85BAD0444153.jpg, createdBy=25412017681, createdName=Dr. H, createdTime=Mon May 15 23:49:48 CST 2017, time=2017-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-17 ylzr123

    好文,值得点赞!认真学习了,把经验应用于实践,为患者解除病痛。

    0

  7. 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GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198662, encodeId=82cc19866200, content=很好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ad4c106013, createdName=Drhzm308, createdTime=Tue May 16 06:50:18 CST 2017, time=2017-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198560, encodeId=eb6119856027, content=继续学习。 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Tue May 16 00:28:33 CST 2017, time=2017-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198532, encodeId=b71c1985327c, content=终于知道为什么前段时间nature子刊说pd1部分患者无效!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170224/IMG58AFD85BAD0444153.jpg, createdBy=25412017681, createdName=Dr. H, createdTime=Mon May 15 23:49:48 CST 2017, time=2017-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-16 luominglian113

    涨知识了,谢谢分享

    0

  8. 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GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198532, encodeId=b71c1985327c, content=终于知道为什么前段时间nature子刊说pd1部分患者无效!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170224/IMG58AFD85BAD0444153.jpg, createdBy=25412017681, createdName=Dr. H, createdTime=Mon May 15 23:49:48 CST 2017, time=2017-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-16 Drhzm308

    很好,学习了

    0

  9. 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    2017-05-16 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习。

    0

  10. 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GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=198532, encodeId=b71c1985327c, content=终于知道为什么前段时间nature子刊说pd1部分患者无效!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170224/IMG58AFD85BAD0444153.jpg, createdBy=25412017681, createdName=Dr. H, createdTime=Mon May 15 23:49:48 CST 2017, time=2017-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-15 Dr. H

    终于知道为什么前段时间nature子刊说pd1部分患者无效!

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