2018CCCP&SCC:李新立教授解读《中国成人肥厚型心肌病诊断与治疗指南》

2018-04-07 国际循环编辑部 国际循环

众所周知,肥厚型心肌病(HCM)是青少年和运动员猝死的主要原因之一。2017年12月中国发布了首部HCM诊断与治疗指南,标志着我国成人HCM的诊疗进入了精准医学时代。

编者按:众所周知,肥厚型心肌病(HCM)是青少年和运动员猝死的主要原因之一。2017年12月中国发布了首部HCM诊断与治疗指南,标志着我国成人HCM的诊疗进入了精准医学时代。2018年4月6日,在2018中国医师协会心血管内科医师年会和2018中国南方国际心血管病学术会议“CCCP指南与共识论坛Session 1:2017中国新指南与共识解读”专场上,来自江苏省人民医院的李新立教授就《中国成人肥厚型心肌病诊断与治疗指南》作了专题解读,让参会者对成人肥厚型心肌病的诊治有了更全面和深入的认识。

HCM概览

HCM是一种以心肌肥厚为特征的心肌病,主要表现为左心室壁增厚,但需排除负荷增加、主动脉瓣先天狭窄和先天性主动脉瓣下隔膜等引起的左心室壁增厚。中国HCM患病率为80/10万,粗略估算中国成人HCM患者已超过100万。绝大部分HCM呈常染色体显性遗传,约60%可成年HCM患者可检测到明确的致病基因突变,5%~10%由其他遗传性或非遗传性疾病引起,20%~30%原因不明。根据超声心动图检查时测定的左心室流出道与主动脉峰值压力阶差(LVOTG)可将其分为梗阻性、非梗阻性及隐匿梗阻性;根据肥厚部位可分为心尖肥厚、右心室肥厚及孤立性乳头肌肥厚的HCM。

HCM诊断推荐

HCM的诊断可根据症状、体征和辅助检查(心电图、超声心动图、动态心电图等)来进行,而基因诊断则有助于实现其精准医疗。因此,指南推荐所有HCM患者进行遗传咨询,推荐所有临床诊断为HCM的患者行基因筛查,推荐的检测方法为定制的多基因深度靶向测序,筛查时应优先考虑编码肌小节致病基因。



HCM的治疗推荐

就治疗而言,对于存在左心室流出道梗阻者,推荐给予无血管扩张作用的β受体阻滞剂,若患者不能耐受则推荐应用维拉帕米(LVOTG≥100 mm Hg或伴重度心力衰竭或窦性心动过缓时应慎用)改善症状。此外,丙吡胺也可改善上述患者症状。此外,经皮室间隔心肌消融术、外科室间隔心肌切除术及植入永久性起搏器也是左心室流出道梗阻者的重要治疗选择。

此外,HCM的治疗还应针对合并的心力衰竭、胸痛和心房颤动等进行积极治疗;做好心源性猝死的预防,必要时可选用ICD;做好终末期治疗、运动管理及女性妊娠期间监测与管理,进行密切的长期随访。

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    2018-04-11 柳叶一刀
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    2018-04-08 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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