BMJ:减少抗生素处方对于呼吸道感染的安全性

2016-07-05 崔倩 译 MedSci原创

该研究的目的是确定肺炎,扁桃体周围脓肿,乳突炎,脓胸,脑膜炎,颅内脓肿,以及勒米埃综合征的发病率是否较高,可以开较少的抗生素处方来治疗自限性呼吸道感染(RTIs)。原始出处:Martin C Gulliford,Michael V Moore,Paul Little,et al.Safety of reduced antibiotic prescribing for self limiting r

该研究的目的是确定,在全科诊所中开较少的抗生素处方治疗自限性呼吸道感染(RTIs),是否可以降低肺炎、扁桃体周围脓肿、乳突炎、脓胸、脑膜炎、颅内脓肿,以及勒米埃综合征的发病率。

来自英国的研究人员进行了一项队列研究,该研究在英国临床实践研究数据链的610家全科诊所进行。

该研究的参与者为注册的4550万名患者,随访时间从2005到2014年。

主要暴露点为每个全科诊所的RTI进行标准化比例的抗生素处方,以及每1000名注册的尿路感染患者的抗生素处方率。

主要检测指标为肺炎、扁桃体周围脓肿、乳突炎、脓胸、脑膜炎、颅内脓肿,以及勒米埃综合征的发生率,并且对年龄、性别、地区、RTI咨询率和医师进行了调整。

从2005至2014年,在男性中,RTIs抗生素处方比例从53.9%下降至50.5%,在女性中从54.5%下降至51.5%。从2005年到2014年,脑膜炎、乳突炎和扁桃体周围脓肿的发生率分别逐年下降5.3%、4.6%和1.0%,而新发肺炎却增加了0.4%。与最高的第四分位相比,抗生素处方最低的第四分位年龄和性别标准化肺炎和扁桃体周围脓肿发生率更高。在抗生素处方中,调整后的相对风险的增加减少了1​​0%,肺炎减少了12.8%(95%可信区间为7.8%至17.5%,P<0.001),扁桃体周围脓肿减少了9.9%(5.6%至14.0%,P<0.001)。如果平均列表大小为7000例患者的全科诊所RTI抗生素处方比例减少10%,那么每年就会多发生1.1例以上的(95%置信区间为0.6至1.5)肺炎,每十年就会多发生0.9例(0.5至1.3)扁桃体周围脓肿。在少和多的医师处方中,乳突炎、脓胸、脑膜炎、颅内脓肿,以及勒米埃综合征的发生率相似。

全科诊所应采取一项政策以减少抗生素处方治疗RTIs,因为这可能会使可治疗的肺炎和扁桃体周围脓肿的发病率略有增加。乳突炎、积脓、细菌性脑膜炎、颅内脓肿,或勒米埃综合征的患病率没有增加的可能性。即使大幅减少抗生素处方,也被预测为与整体观察病例的数目略有增加有关联,但需要警惕亚组肺炎的风险更高。

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    2017-05-17 gaoxiaoe
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    2016-09-18 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    不错哦继续关注

    0

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    2016-07-13 黑心天使

    呵呵!…学习了

    0

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    2016-07-06 zhmscau