Cell Host Microbe:肠道细菌可变身健康“威胁者”,这竟与自噬有关

2018-02-14 佚名 生物探索

人体微生物——生活在我们体内的数以万亿计的微小细菌——是人类健康重要的参与者。然而,我们与这些生物体的共存机制是非常复杂的。科学家们发现,即使其中出现一点微小变化,也会导致我们的健康出现大问题。

近日,发表在Cell Host & Microbe上的一项研究中,来自美国罗切斯特大学医学中心的科学家们发现,损害小肠中的一组罕见细胞,会让肠道细菌侵入器官并引起严重的炎症。这项在小鼠身上进行的研究将对炎症性肠道疾病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)的治疗具有重要影响。


In the image, Paneth cells (red) secrete antimicrobial peptides (green) into their granules. Credit: University of Rochester Medical Center

Paneth细胞

保持我们的肠道健康需要多种肠道细胞与生活在它们周围的细菌的合作。虽然数量很少,但一种被称为Paneth细胞的肠道细胞在其中起着重要的作用:它们不仅能产生抗菌化合物,以抑制细菌,还能帮助形成小肠内壁。

先前有研究表明,Paneth细胞的变化或突变与炎症增加有关,包括在克罗恩病IBD的一种)患者中。但是,科学家们并不确定,Paneth细胞是如何打开炎症损伤之门的。

自噬作用

在这项新发表的研究中,Felix Yarovinsky博士领导的团队在一种叫做自噬的过程中找到了答案。该过程可以帮助细胞去除不需要的细胞物质或碎片。

具体来说,借助小鼠研究,科学家们发现,如果关闭Paneth细胞的自噬作用,小肠和肠道细菌之间的屏障就会被破坏,然后,细菌侵入器官,导致严重的感染和炎症。



图片来源:Cell Host & Microbe

“Paneth细胞就像是肠道的‘守卫’,而自噬作用则像是Paneth细胞的‘铠甲’。当我们脱掉它们的铠甲时,Paneth细胞就无法控制肠道细菌了,进而导致严重的疾病。”Yarovinsky博士解释道。

研究意义

研究者们表示,Paneth细胞仅占肠道细胞的2%,“限制这些细胞中的自噬会导致严重问题”这一事实是一个意想不到的结果。

总结来说,该研究表明,Paneth细胞中正常的自噬是调节肠道细菌所必需的,可防止细菌侵入宿主组织。进一步的研究将为设计新疗法提供重要的指导信息。

原始出处:

Elise Burger, Alessandra Araujo, Américo López-Yglesias, et al. Loss of Paneth Cell Autophagy Causes Acute Susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii-Mediated Inflammation. Cell Host & Microbe, Published online: January 18, 2018.

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    2019-01-06 xjy02
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    2018-07-10 维他命
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    2018-02-14 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2018-02-14 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

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