Lancet:年轻患者应慎行全髋关节或膝关节置换术!

2017-02-15 MedSci MedSci原创

人工关节置换术是指采用金属、高分子聚乙烯、陶瓷等材料,根据人体关节的形态、构造及功能制成人工关节假体,通过外科技术植入人体内,代替患病关节功能,达到缓解关节疼痛,恢复关节功能的目的。既往的研究已经证实全髋关节或膝关节置换术治疗晚期髋关节或膝关节骨性关节炎具有成本效益,并表现出显著的临床改善。人工关节置换术尽管已经获得很大的成功,但仍然难以满足年轻患者大活动量,长期使用的要求。最近发表在Lancet

人工关节置换术是指采用金属、高分子聚乙烯、陶瓷等材料,根据人体关节的形态、构造及功能制成人工关节假体,通过外科技术植入人体内,代替患病关节功能,达到缓解关节疼痛,恢复关节功能的目的。随着更多的新型耐磨材料在人工关节中广泛应用,手术技术特别是翻修技术的大幅度提高,各种翻修假体设计日趋完善,而人们对生活质量的要求也不断提高,越来越多的高龄人群和年轻人因为严重的关节疾病接受人工关节置换术。

既往的研究已经证实全髋关节或膝关节置换术治疗晚期髋关节或膝关节骨性关节炎具有成本效益,并表现出显著的临床改善。尽管人工关节置换术已经获得很大的成功,但仍然难以满足年轻患者大活动量,长期使用的要求。最近发表在Lancet上的一项研究就年轻患者接受人工关节置换术的最佳时机进行了探讨。

研究人员对临床实践研究数据库(the Clinical Practice Research Datalink,CPRD)中的所有患者进行了植入生存分析,这些患者都曾行全髋关节置换术或全膝关节置换术。通过国家统计局的数据调整这些数据的全因死亡率,并通过这些数据探讨在初次手术后随着年龄的增加而产生翻修手术的终生风险。

研究人员对在1991年1月1日至2011年8月10日间共63 158例全髋关节置换术和54 276例全膝关节置换术进行了随访,最长随访时间为20年。研究人员发现:

全髋关节置换术:10年假体生存率为95.6%(95% CI,95.3-95.9),20年假体生存率为85.0%(95% CI,83.2-86.6);

全膝关节置换术:10年假体生存率为96.1%(95% CI,95.8-96.4),20年假体生存率为89.7%(95% CI,87.5-91.5)。

70岁以上的患者在全髋关节置换术或全膝关节置换术后需要翻修手术的终生风险约为5%,性别差异无统计学意义。然而,对于那些年龄小于70岁即进行手术的患者,翻修手术的终生风险增加,甚至在50岁时接受手术的男性中高达35%(95% CI,30.9-39.1),同时男性和女性患者之间有较大的差异(在同一年龄组中女性的风险比男性低15%)。年龄小于60岁的患者接受翻修手术的中位时间为4.4岁。

研究人员认为该研究具有重要意义——年龄对全髋关节或膝关节置换术后翻修手术的风险的重要性,该研究的结果也挑战了越来越多的年轻患者选择进行全髋关节或膝关节置换术的趋势。研究人员希望该研究结果能给临床医生的治疗策略提供帮助,尤其是年轻的患者。

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    2018-01-30 howi
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    2017-04-09 yxch48
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