左下腹侵袭性血管粘液瘤1例

2019-04-25 不详 影像园

患者,女,29岁,发现下腹部包块半年

【所属科室】

妇产科

【基本资料】

患者,女,29岁

【主诉】

发现下腹部包块半年

【查体】

左下腹可触及一大小约5*10cm包块,无压痛,质硬,活动度可,与周围界限清楚。

【影像图片】
















































【影像表现】

子宫及阴道后方、直肠右前方可见不规则团块样异常信号,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,其内可见条、束状、结节状低信号,DWI呈高信号,矢状位最大层面大小约6.5x13.8cm~4.1x16.3cm,病灶周围似可见包膜,短T2结节主要分布于包膜下方,增强扫描病灶内短T2结节可见明显强化,病变向下突向会阴部及大阴唇区,子宫受压,向前上移位,子宫底似呈双角改变,内膜厚约 1.4cm,未见异常信号及强化。
 
【结果】

手术记录:左侧盆壁腹膜外可见一约5.0cm×5.0cm大小肿块,质软。切开侧腹膜,显露肿块,见肿块表面光滑,质地软,包膜完整,沿肿块包膜仔细游离肿块,将肿块完整切除。
病理诊断:侵袭性血管粘液瘤
 
【病例小结】

侵袭性血管粘液瘤(AAM)是一种罕见的软组织肿瘤,好发于女性盆腔及会阴区,发病部位及影像学表现具有一定的特征性。AAM是一种罕见的浸润性间质肿瘤,具有粘液性和粘液血管性成分,基于该肿瘤呈无包膜胶质状生长并可以侵袭周围软组织的事实,1983年Steeper等将其正式命名为侵袭性血管粘液瘤。该病好发于女性外阴、盆腔和会阴区以及男性类似部位(腹股沟区)的深层软组织内,跨盆膈生长常见。然而,AAM也可罕见地发生在头颈部、肺部、肝脏、肾脏和四肢软组织内。目前关于AAM发病率的男女比例数据不一,从1:1至13:10。但是大多数文献仍认为女性发病率高于男性。

影像学表现, CT平扫显示病变多为稍低密度,而MRI平扫显示病变多为T1WI不均稍低信号、T2WI不均匀高信号影。CT增强多呈轻度强化,而MR增强却呈明显强化,可见部分肿瘤内部呈分层状或漩涡状表现,较具特异性。其差异可能是由于病变中胶原纤维、毛细血管、肌层肥厚的中等血管等成分多为延迟强化,常规CT增强扫描延迟时间较短,而在MR增强图像采集时相多且间隔时间长于增强CT,恰巧能够更好地显示这种延迟强化的特点。

鉴别诊断方面,(1)需要与血管肌纤维母细胞瘤(Angiomyofibroblastoma,AMFB)鉴别,AMFB来源于间叶组织的特异性的软组织肿瘤,同样好发于女性,但AMFB好发于中年妇女,AMFB 病变位置较浅,境界清楚,瘤体体积相对较小;AAM病变位置较深,呈侵袭性生长,境界欠清楚,瘤体体积较大。(2)附件来源肿瘤,附件来源肿瘤多会伴随肿瘤标志物及激素水平异常,但多半可见与附件关系紧密,根据肿瘤类别不同,强化方式各异,恶性者腹腔种植转移常见。(3)子宫肌瘤,多位于子宫肌壁,T1WI及T2WI均呈低信号,增强扫描呈轮辐状强化。

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    2019-04-29 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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    2019-04-27 sunyl07