Lancet:休克患者采取早期肠内营养有害无益

2018-02-05 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

需要机械通气的急性危重病存在重度营养不良的风险,其不良作用包括感染、肌肉萎缩、恢复延迟和死亡率增加。因此,营养支持是非常关键的。指南推荐危重病急性期应该给予20-25 kcal/kg早期肠内营养,但是证据水平很低。营养时机、营养途径或营养剂量是否影响危重病患者的预后,尚不清楚。


需要机械通气的急性危重病存在重度营养不良的风险,其不良作用包括感染、肌肉萎缩、恢复延迟和死亡率增加。因此,营养支持是非常关键的。指南推荐危重病急性期应该给予20-25 kcal/kg早期肠内营养,但是证据水平很低。营养时机、营养途径或营养剂量是否影响危重病患者的预后,尚不清楚。

与肠外营养相比,肠内营养能够改善胃肠道粘膜完整性、免疫功能和组织修复应答(tissue repair responses),降低院内感染、医院和ICU住院时间以及花费。早期启动肠内营养(入住ICU 24-48h内)能够提高这种有益的作用和降低死亡率。但是也有报道这会30-70% ICU患者胃肠道不耐受比如呕吐,这引起人们对呼吸机相关肺炎和营养不良的担心。在危重病合并休克的患者中,肠内营养也与肠道缺血有关。因此,肠内营养对肠道的有益和有害作用,导致肠内营养的争论。关于营养途径对患者预后的影响,meta分析(研究的设计、样本量和疾病严重程度存在异质性)得出了矛盾的结果。当前指南推荐直到血流动力学稳定,否则应该推迟肠内营养。不过,大量研究认为对于血流动力学不稳定的机械通气ICU患者,早期肠内营养(vs 肠外营养)者存活可能性更大。

2018年1月来自来自法国的Jean Reignier等在Lancet上公布了NUTRIREA-2试验结果,目的在于探讨对于有创机械通气并且需要升压药物的休克患者,是否早期一线肠内营养优于早期一线肠外营养。

该研究为随机对照,多中心,开放标签,平行组研究,共法国44家ICU参与。有创机械通气并且需要升压药物的休克患者于气管插管24h内按照1:1的比例随机给予肠外营养或肠内营养,两组都按照正常热卡作为目标(20-25 kcal/kg/d)。休克纠正(24h连续不使用升压药物并且动脉乳酸<2 mmol/l)至少72h后肠外营养可以转换为肠内营养。主要终点为随机后28天死亡率(ITT人群)。

第二次间断分析后,研究者发现继续纳入患者也不可能改变试验结果,因此该试验提前结束。1202例纳入肠内营养组,1208例纳入肠外营养组。28天时,肠内营养组和肠外营养组死亡率分别为37%和35%(absolute difference estimate 2.0%; [95% CI –1.9 to 5.8]; p=0.33)。ICU获得性感染的累积发病率没有显著性差异(肠内14%,肠外16%;HR 0.89,95% CI 0.72–1.09;  p=0.25)。与肠外营养相比,肠内营养呕吐、腹泻、肠道缺血和急性结肠假性梗阻累积发生率更高。

最终作者认为对于休克的危重病患者,早期等热卡肠内营养没有降低死亡风险或继发性感染的风险,但是会增加消化道并发症(vs 肠外营养)。

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    2018-02-07 howi
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    2018-02-14 jyzxjiangqin

    休克患者釆取早期肠内营养.

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    2018-02-07 衣带渐宽

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    2018-02-07 衣带渐宽

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