JAMA Oncology:144万多人数据显示,多吃膳食纤维和酸奶与肺癌风险较低有关,两者同吃风险**降33%

2019-10-27 奇点糕 奇点网

咱们今天也不谈补剂,就来唠唠普通食物里常见的益生元和益生菌——膳食纤维和酸奶。

咱们今天也不谈补剂,就来唠唠普通食物里常见的益生元和益生菌——膳食纤维和酸奶。

根据《JAMA肿瘤学》近期发表的一项新研究,范德比尔特大学华人科学家Xiao-Ou Shu博士团队对10项前瞻性队列数据进行了分析,研究涉及144万余人、随访8.6年。研究结果显示,膳食纤维和酸奶的摄入与肺癌风险较低有关,摄入最高组肺癌风险相较最低组分别降低17%和19%,而两者都爱的参与者相较都不爱的肺癌风险降低了33%。

看,普通食物的影响就足够大了呀。


图源 | pixabay

益生元呢,指的是一些不被人体吸收的化合物,它们通常可以被肠道菌群消化,有调节微生物群的作用,在膳食纤维比较丰富的食物中常见,比如说蔬菜、水果和谷物;益生菌,指的就是对人类有益、能够改善肠道菌群组成和功能的活菌了,最常见的来源就是酸奶。

鉴于肠道微生物的研究实火,益生元和益生菌自然而然地变得备受关注,流行病学研究已经发现膳食纤维和酸奶与各种风险之间的负向关联,包括代谢障碍,心血管疾病,肠道癌症和过早死亡。

近来呢,又有一些新的研究证据表明,特定肠道菌和肺部炎症有关系,也有队列研究显示膳食纤维摄入可增强肺功能、降低慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)和呼吸道疾病死亡风险。

那就很引人猜想,这膳食纤维和酸奶会不会与肺癌也有关系呢?

为了搞清楚这个问题,研究者们选择了10项前瞻性队列研究,做了一个meta分析。这是个队列包括了广为人知的NIH-AARP、NHS、HPFS等大队列,横跨美国欧洲和亚洲。

为了避免疾病对饮食的反向影响,研究者还排除了发病前两年的随访数据和研究开始两年内发病的参与者,最终一共纳入了1445850名参与者,中位随访时间8.6年。

这些参与者中共有627988名男性,中位年龄57.9岁;817862名女性,中位年龄54.8岁。随访期间,共发生了18822例肺癌。总的来说,参与者们膳食纤维中位摄入量为18.4g/天;65%的人喝酸奶,中位摄入量23.3g/天。




参与者特征(局部)

从表格中可以了解到,膳食纤维和酸奶的爱好者们往往学历更高、生活方式也更加健康,比如说更少吸烟喝酒、更常锻炼。另外,膳食纤维摄入和酸奶摄入也存在一定的相关性。

分析结果显示,多吃膳食纤维和酸奶,是与肺癌风险更低有关的。

研究者将参与者按二者摄入量从高到低分别分成了5组,与摄入最低组相比,膳食纤维摄入最高组肺癌风险降低了17%,酸奶摄入最高组则降低了19%;另外,与一点酸奶都不喝的组相比,喝酸奶最少的组肺癌风险也降低了15%。

当按照参与者人种进一步分组,数据整体上也呈现类似的负相关。不过我们可以从图表中看到,黑种人和亚洲人群的负相关数据并没有像白种人那样达到统计学显着。研究者认为,这可能是因为二者的研究数据过少,以及这两类人群本身膳食纤维和酸奶的摄入也不够多。


五分组风险比

接下来研究者还分析了几个常见的亚组,咱们一起来看看。

首先,年轻人多吃膳食纤维的健康收益似乎更大,以57岁为界,同样是摄入最高组与最低组的比较,年轻组风险降低了25%,年老者则仅有13%。

其次,酒鬼们比不喝酒的人更该多吃膳食纤维和酸奶,它们分别与肺癌风险降低23%和24%有关。

最后,酸奶和膳食纤维同吃似乎更健康。二者摄入均为最高的参与者与不吃酸奶、膳食纤维也吃最少的人相比,肺癌风险足足降低了33%。

此外,烟民们也要注意了,二者摄入最高与最低相比,吸烟者肺癌风险降低26%,戒了烟的降低34%,不抽烟的降了31%。




亚组分析(局部)

让我抢先说出留言区的台词:相关性并不等于因果。事实上,之前另一项研究就没有发现不吸烟妇女中膳食纤维与肺癌有啥关系。

至于吃还是不吃,看你喜欢呗。

……………………

…………

……

其实呢,我了解越多科学就越觉得,万事非绝对,哪怕是生病治病,再好的药也没法保证百分百治愈,何况是这些健康小撇步呢?所以说蔬菜水果好也不能光吃蔬菜水果,多盐多糖不益也不见得从此不碰咸甜(主要还是都看命

原始出处:Jae Jeong Yang, PhD1; Danxia Yu, PhD1; Yong-Bing Xiang, MD2; et al. Association of Dietary Fiber and Yogurt Consumption With Lung Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis. JAMA Oncology. October 24, 2019.

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    2019-12-23 minlingfeng
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    2020-03-10 sjq027
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    2019-10-28 heli0118
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    2019-10-27 anti-cancer

    谢谢梅斯分享这么多精彩信息

    0

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