Cell Research:一招两用——树突状细胞关键调节因子LKB1功能终明了

2019-04-16 Ruthy 转化医学网

日前,美国St. Jude儿童医院的研究人员发现了DC中在代谢与免疫过程中发挥重要调节作用的关键因子——LKB1,证实了其在维持正常的免疫稳态和保护性抗肿瘤免疫中的作用,并指出了其作为癌症和自身免疫疾病治疗的重要靶点的巨大潜能。

肿瘤免疫治疗是调动人体强大的免疫系统来对抗癌症的治疗方法,除了常提及的各种T细胞与抗体,机体免疫系统中最强有力的专职抗原呈递细胞(APC)——树突状细胞(DC)的作用也逐步受到重视。但是,DC的具体活化、作用机制目前尚未完全明了。

日前,美国St. Jude儿童医院的研究人员发现了DC中在代谢与免疫过程中发挥重要调节作用的关键因子——LKB1,证实了其在维持正常的免疫稳态和保护性抗肿瘤免疫中的作用,并指出了其作为癌症和自身免疫疾病治疗的重要靶点的巨大潜能。

DC中的LKB1是限制调节性T细胞(Treg)过度增殖的中枢

近年来,越来越多证据表明,DC在外周耐受中起着关键性的作用,其可通过诱导效应性CD4+T或者CD8+T细胞的无能促进Treg的分化,进而调控针对自身抗原的外周耐受。Treg是一群可负调节机体免疫反应的淋巴细胞,通常起着维持自身耐受和避免免疫反应过度损伤机体的重要作用,但也参与肿瘤细胞逃避和慢性感染。换言之,Treg其实是肿瘤逃逸的帮手。然而,正常机体中DC广泛存在,Treg却未无节制地分化扩增,这就意味着应该存在可抑制DC过度激活和对Treg过度作用的机制,而这个机制的关键就是DC中的LKB1。

LKB1(肝脏激酶B1)是一类能够催化细胞内反应的酶类。研究人员在CD11c细胞中敲除了LKB1基因并建立了相应的小鼠模型,发现缺乏LKB1的DC的mTOR信号通路被激活,发生脂质积累和糖酵解上调,进而导致代谢紊乱。DC的成熟与糖酵解上调息息相关,过度激活的该过程导致DC异常快速成熟,引发DC代谢静止丧失。同时,LKB1缺失后,DC的细胞因子和免疫调节分子生产严重紊乱,IL-6水平显着升高,而IL-6正是T细胞活化的关键分子之一,自然也包括Treg。只要重新为DC细胞引入LKB1就可以化解局面。所以,LKB1是DC中细胞代谢的中心负调节剂,DC中LKB1的存在决定了DC的稳态,也遏制了Treg的过度增殖。

DC中的LKB1是抑制辅助性T 细胞17(Th17细胞)过度分化的关键

前面说过,缺乏LKB1的DC其IL-6水平显着升高,IL-6对多种T细胞皆有活化作用,其中之一就是Th17细胞。Th17细胞是一类可产生IL-17的Th 细胞亚群,与许多炎症反应和自身免疫性疾病的发生和发展有关。大量研究表明,IL-17的过度产生与实验性自身免疫性脑炎(EAE)、哮喘、类风湿性关节炎(RA)等自身免疫性疾病明显相关。也就是说,适当的IL-17对机体免疫功能有益,一旦过量,后果不堪设想。

研究人员发现,剔除LKB1的DC不仅产生的IL-6大大增加,其TGFβ2和整合素β8水平也显着升高,这三者皆可激活TGFβ以促进Th17细胞扩增,这导致实验小鼠面临严重的自身免疫病的威胁。同时,他们发现由剔除LKB1的DC激活的Th17细胞还可以明显促进肿瘤的发生发展,而只要引入LKB1或阻断相应的Th17细胞激活途径,就可以抑制小鼠肿瘤生长。这就说明DC中的LKB1在自身免疫疾病的控制和肿瘤的抑制中发挥重要作用。

这项研究证实了LKB1在维持正常的免疫稳态和保护性抗肿瘤免疫中的作用,为癌症和自身免疫疾病治疗提供了新的潜在靶点,提供了新的研究方向,为众多相关病人提供了新的生存的希望。假以时日,定能成为相应治疗的福音。

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    2020-01-30 维他命
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    2019-04-18 piaojinhua
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    2019-04-18 yangshch

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今日,《科学》杂志子刊《Science Translational Medicine》上刊登了一项令人激动的研究结果——作为全世界癌症免疫疗法的中心之一,宾夕法尼亚大学的科学家们在抗癌疫苗上做出了重大突破,有望彻底变革当下癌症治疗的格局。

Immunity:免疫细胞在自身免疫性疾病中起着意想不到的作用

一项新的研究为自身免疫性疾病,即系统性红斑狼疮的潜在发病机制提供了有趣的见解。