检验医师眼中的《我不是药神》

2018-07-12 王哲 检验医学网

含泪看完了创造3天票房高达13.06亿元的热映神剧《我不是药神》,作为一名血液病实验室诊断医师,观后内心五味乏陈;和普通观众的感受一定是不同的。


作者:河北省保定市第一医院检验科 王哲

含泪看完了创造3天票房高达13.06亿元的热映神剧《我不是药神》,作为一名血液病实验室诊断医师,观后内心五味乏陈;和普通观众的感受一定是不同的。

《我不是药神》的中心就是围绕口服靶向药物“甲磺酸伊马替尼(商品名——格列卫)”的印度仿制药——格列宁来治疗慢性粒细胞白血病而引发的一段 “爱恨情仇”。 

慢性粒细胞白血病对我而言并不陌生,在从事血液病诊断工作近20年的时间里,已经无法准确说出自己究竟诊断过多少例慢性粒细胞白血病的患者。记得上学时,厚厚的《内科学》上关于慢性粒细胞白血病的章节赫然写着“本病属少见病,多见于老年人”。 然而现实是残酷的,的确在临床中老年患者居多,但正如影片所反应的仍有年轻人发病。记忆里诊断的一例年龄最小慢性粒细胞白血病患者是我高中同学的女儿——小姑娘发病时还只是一名六年级的小学生;当时孩子父亲拿着血常规检验单,茫然无助望着我的眼神和小姑娘虚弱无力的趴在我们值班床上的情景,依然历历在目。

慢性粒细胞白血病(chronic  myelogenous  leukemia,CML)是一种以外周血中性粒细胞增高并出现各阶段幼稚粒细胞、嗜碱粒细胞增高和脾脏肿大为特征;起源于造血干细胞的恶性克隆性骨髓增殖性肿瘤。其诊断主要依靠实验室检查和临床表现。

慢性粒细胞白血病主要的实验室诊断:

血常规:正常人外周血白细胞是4~10×10^9/L,而慢性粒细胞白血病慢性期患者的白细胞计数早期高于20×10^9/L,晚期可达100×10^9/L,且以中性粒、晚幼粒和杆状核粒细胞为主;嗜酸、嗜碱性粒细胞增多;可伴贫血;血小板早期正常或增多,晚期逐渐减少。

骨髓细胞形态学检验:骨髓增生明显或极度活跃,以髓系细胞为主,尤以中性中晚幼粒和杆状核粒细胞明显增多;原粒细胞小于10%。而急变期也就是发生急性白血病转化时,原始细胞≥20% 。

分子生物学检查:慢性粒细胞白血病发病的分子生物学基础。患者9号染色体上C-ABL原癌基因移位至22号染色体,与22号染色体断端的断裂点集中区BCR连接,出现 t (9;22) (q34;q11) 即费城染色体(Philadelphia,Ph),形成BCR-ABL融合基因。其编码的P210 BCR-ABL蛋白具有极强的酪氨酸激酶活性,使一系列信号蛋白发生持续性磷酸化,影响细胞分化、凋亡,最终导致慢性粒细胞白血病发生。BCR-ABL融合基因检测阳性是诊断慢性粒细胞白血病的金标准,同时定期监测该基因也是判断预后和疾病转归、进展的重要依据。

导致慢性粒细胞白血病发生的“万恶之源”是BCR-ABL融合基因;也是患病的分子生物学基础,但同时又是药物治疗的靶点。人类发明的第一个靶向药物——甲磺酸伊马替尼(格列卫)正是特异性的针对BCR-ABL融合蛋白,抑制其酪氨酸激酶的活性,导致肿瘤细胞的凋亡,从而使慢性粒细胞白血病达到缓解。目前公认格列卫是治疗慢性粒细胞白血病的一线药物,其临床的广泛应用,使异基因骨髓移植治疗慢性期CML的地位已经下降至二线选择,改变了CML治疗的传统理念,有效的延长了患者生存期。

由于受到国外药企研发专利期年限保护的缘故,格列卫价格依然昂贵。记得同行们开会交流时曾谈到,在10年前依靠长期口服格列卫治疗慢性粒细胞白血病的河北省患者不会超过十名;因为的确是药价太贵了,平均一粒药是500元钱,一个月就要花掉2.35万元人民币(还不算患者病情变化需要增加药量的情况),并要长期服用。

值得欣慰的是,在2003年9月由瑞士制药公司捐赠的格列卫全球患者援助项目在我国正式启动,由中华慈善总会(CCF)负责在中国区的整体运作和协调。以每格列卫治疗年(12个月)为周期,符合援助条件的患者个人自费使用前3个月格列卫药品,经项目审批通过后援助后9个月格列卫药品;截至2017年底,格列卫患者援助项目累计超过6万名慢性粒细胞白血病、BCR-ABL融合基因阳性的急性淋巴细胞白血病和胃肠道间质瘤患者获得格列卫药物援助。中华慈善总会在互联网设置有专门的在线申请援助平台。

近些年国家医疗保障体系得以不断完善,格列卫等靶向药物先后纳入各省市的城镇居民医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗药物目录,格列卫各省份平均报销比例达70%,个别省市报销比例甚至达到了85% ,极大减轻了慢性粒细胞白血病患者家庭的经济负担。

更为可喜的是,随着2013年4月格列卫在中国大陆的专利保护到期,国产口服治疗慢性粒细胞白血病甲磺酸伊马替尼制剂纷纷上市。2013年伊马替尼片——昕维上市,2014年伊马替尼胶囊——格尼可上市,同年伊马替尼片——诺利宁上市。经过国家发改委和卫计委针对药品价格的不断调整,部分厂家国产口服伊马替尼制剂,每盒已降至185元。因此让慢粒患者吃的起格列卫,已经不是梦!

随着我国综合国力的强大,科学技术的发展,医药制造水平的提高,医疗及社会保障机制的不断完善,《我不是药神》所折射的医药领域的社会问题,会不断被成功化解,最终《我不是药神》终究会回归其电影娱乐的属性。我们有充分的理由相信——明天会更美好!

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    2018-07-14 qingting
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    2018-07-12 易水河

    看看.走过路过了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2056052, encodeId=bc472056052a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=161e5410576' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#我不是药神#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54105, encryptionId=161e5410576, topicName=我不是药神)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Fri Sep 14 06:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1528033, encodeId=7a1f152803334, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=36848e9450d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药神#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87945, encryptionId=36848e9450d, topicName=药神)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1d5611876990, createdName=qingting, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 02:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331092, encodeId=0c9233109274, content=看看.走过路过了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Thu Jul 12 15:17:39 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331090, encodeId=0e4233109058, content=一起学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/TDiaAWyicHgedzX3wKo3qcxudVJib7AfibfvNeufHRF2jG3Bw8MmZyWjIhtBV1mpJI7Sy9n7RcBKK5t3CuOKuOFxkg/0, createdBy=dd702206933, createdName=wzb521zf, createdTime=Thu Jul 12 14:14:31 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331063, encodeId=adb733106323, content=很好的学习机会, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Thu Jul 12 12:48:19 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331059, encodeId=9811331059c2, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Thu Jul 12 12:17:38 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-12 wzb521zf

    一起学习学习

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2056052, encodeId=bc472056052a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=161e5410576' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#我不是药神#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54105, encryptionId=161e5410576, topicName=我不是药神)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Fri Sep 14 06:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1528033, encodeId=7a1f152803334, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=36848e9450d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药神#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87945, encryptionId=36848e9450d, topicName=药神)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1d5611876990, createdName=qingting, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 02:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331092, encodeId=0c9233109274, content=看看.走过路过了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Thu Jul 12 15:17:39 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331090, encodeId=0e4233109058, content=一起学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/TDiaAWyicHgedzX3wKo3qcxudVJib7AfibfvNeufHRF2jG3Bw8MmZyWjIhtBV1mpJI7Sy9n7RcBKK5t3CuOKuOFxkg/0, createdBy=dd702206933, createdName=wzb521zf, createdTime=Thu Jul 12 14:14:31 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331063, encodeId=adb733106323, content=很好的学习机会, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Thu Jul 12 12:48:19 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331059, encodeId=9811331059c2, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Thu Jul 12 12:17:38 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-12 虈亣靌

    很好的学习机会

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2056052, encodeId=bc472056052a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=161e5410576' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#我不是药神#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54105, encryptionId=161e5410576, topicName=我不是药神)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Fri Sep 14 06:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1528033, encodeId=7a1f152803334, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=36848e9450d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药神#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87945, encryptionId=36848e9450d, topicName=药神)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1d5611876990, createdName=qingting, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 02:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331092, encodeId=0c9233109274, content=看看.走过路过了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Thu Jul 12 15:17:39 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331090, encodeId=0e4233109058, content=一起学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/TDiaAWyicHgedzX3wKo3qcxudVJib7AfibfvNeufHRF2jG3Bw8MmZyWjIhtBV1mpJI7Sy9n7RcBKK5t3CuOKuOFxkg/0, createdBy=dd702206933, createdName=wzb521zf, createdTime=Thu Jul 12 14:14:31 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331063, encodeId=adb733106323, content=很好的学习机会, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Thu Jul 12 12:48:19 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331059, encodeId=9811331059c2, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Thu Jul 12 12:17:38 CST 2018, time=2018-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-12 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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