STM:研究HIV疫苗的免疫反应为疫苗研发提供线索

2015-10-24 leaderbilly 译 MedSci原创

最新的研究结果指出,科学家们取得了免疫反应相关的新信息,后者则可能与防止艾滋病毒感染相关,能够提供新的策略来开发一种艾滋病疫苗。RV144试验的结果发表在2009年,为HIV疫苗功效提供了第一个信号——疫苗接种者中艾滋病病毒感染减少31%。从那时起,一个国际研究协会一直在进行研究并寻找出相关的分子线索以解释为什么疫苗具有这种温和的保护作用。一篇新的综述对HIV疫苗的报道进行了概述,提示预防HIV疫

最新的研究结果指出,科学家们取得了免疫反应相关的新信息,后者则可能与防止艾滋病毒感染相关,此研究能够提供开发艾滋病疫苗的新策略。RV144试验的结果发表在2009年,为HIV疫苗功效提供了第一个信号——疫苗接种者中艾滋病病毒感染减少31%。从那时起,一个国际研究协会一直在进行研究并寻找出相关的分子线索以解释为什么疫苗具有这种温和的保护作用。

一篇新的综述对HIV疫苗的报道进行了概述,提示预防HIV疫苗的免疫反应可能需要进行诱导。这篇文章是由HIV疫苗研发团队的主持人撰写,包括属于美国国立卫生研究院一部分的国家过敏症和传染病研究所的主任Anthony S. Fauci医学博士以及弗雷德哈钦森癌症研究中心的Lawrence Corey医学博士。该文章在线发表在最新一期science Translational Medicine杂志上。

通过对RV144的志愿者们接种疫苗后引发的特定免疫反应进行分析,包括某些抗病毒抗体的生产和CD4 + T细胞对艾滋病毒外壳或衣壳的免疫防御,均发现这种免疫反应与降低艾滋病毒感染相关。许多RV144疫苗接种者体内都产生能够与HIV病毒衣壳结合的IgG(免疫球蛋白)家族,而该结合部位称为V1V2。这些抗体与防止艾滋病病毒感染相关。然而,这些抗体中还包含着不同类型的属于IgA家族的病毒衣壳结合抗体,其水平的升高则与缺乏预防艾滋病毒感染有关。证据显示IgA会阻止IgG的保护行动。但近日,在猴子身上测试疫苗方案则提出了不同于那些在RV144研究中所支持的观点——加强保护性抗体活动可能会增加疫苗的功效。

根据人类和猴子研究结果,研究人员正致力于提升RV144疫苗疗法的疗效。他们正在制定策略来增加诱发的防止艾滋病毒感染有关的免疫反应的大小和耐久性,并且研发疫苗以诱发能够广泛中和多种艾滋病病毒毒株的抗体。随着有效HIV疫苗开发的继续,RV144试验的成功“为后续研究提供了研发动力和一系列免疫靶标,并希望引领全球性有效疫苗研发的努力”作者总结道。

原始出处:


L Corey, PB Gilbert, GD Tomaras et al. Immune correlates of vaccine protection against HIV-1 acquisition. Science Translational Medicine, October 2015 

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    2015-11-11 gdsun
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    2015-10-26 lqvr
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女性植入硅酮阴道环可以释放亲水分子如泰诺福韦(艾滋病抗病毒药物)和阿昔洛韦(治疗单纯疱疹病毒药物)。这一举措将有助于有暴露风险的女性避免艾滋病和性传播疾病(STIs)等疾病的感染。 法国圣艾蒂安大学病毒学家、化学家和硅胶工程师等研究人员通过努力,使得这一设想有望变成现实。 使用高分子材料实行控释技术的设想最早出现于20世纪60年代,研究人员已成功使用阴道环设备为女性提供长效类固醇以治疗更年期临床表