Cell Stem Cell:基因疗法重编程β细胞,实现血糖水平长期正常!

2018-01-05 佚名 medicalxpress

1型糖尿病是一种慢性疾病,其中免疫系统攻击和破坏胰腺中产生胰岛素的β细胞,导致高血糖水平。“细胞干细胞”1月4日发表的一项研究表明,基因治疗方法可以在糖尿病小鼠中导致功能性β细胞的长期存活以及长时间的正常血糖水平。研究人员利用腺相关病毒(AAV)载体将两种蛋白质Pdx1和MafA递送到小鼠胰腺中,Pdx1和MafA将丰富的α细胞重编程为功能性的产生胰岛素的β细胞。

1型糖尿病是一种慢性疾病,其中免疫系统攻击和破坏胰腺中产生胰岛素的β细胞,导致高血糖水平。“细胞干细胞”1月4日发表的一项研究表明,基因治疗方法可以在糖尿病小鼠中导致功能性β细胞的长期存活以及长时间的正常血糖水平。研究人员利用腺相关病毒(AAV)载体将两种蛋白质Pdx1和MafA递送到小鼠胰腺中,Pdx1和MafA将丰富的α细胞重编程为功能性的产生胰岛素的β细胞。

匹兹堡大学医学院的高级研究作者George Gittes说:“这项研究基本上是临床上可实现的,对自身免疫糖尿病的简单单一干预的首次描述,导致正常的血糖,重要的是没有免疫抑制。 “在可预见的未来,1型和2型糖尿病患者的临床试验是相当现实的,糖尿病逆转以及患者进行AAV基因治疗的可行性是相当令人激动的。”                                                           
全世界大约有9%的成年人患有糖尿病,这会导致严重的健康问题,如心脏病,神经损伤,眼睛疾病和肾脏疾病。糖尿病治疗的一个基本目标是保存和恢复功能性β细胞,从而补充称为胰岛素的激素水平,其将血糖转移到细胞中以促进其能量需求。但在1型糖尿病患者中,β细胞替代疗法很可能注定失败,因为新细胞可能成为破坏原始细胞的同一自身免疫的受害者。

这个问题的一个可能的解决方案是将其他细胞类型重新编程成功能性的β样细胞,其可以产生胰岛素但是不同于β细胞,因此不被免疫系统识别或攻击。为了探索这种方法的可行性,匹兹堡大学医学院的Gittes和第一作者Xiangwei Xiao设计了一种AAV载体,向小鼠传递胰腺蛋白质(称为Pdx1和MafA,它们支持β细胞的成熟,增殖和功能)。目标是从胰腺α细胞产生功能性β样细胞,这可能是β细胞替代的理想来源。例如,α细胞丰富,类似于β细胞,处于正确的位置,所有这些都可以促进重编程。

通过比较正常β细胞和源自α细胞的产生胰岛素的细胞的基因表达模式,研究人员证实几乎完全的细胞重编程。这种基因治疗方法在糖尿病小鼠中恢复了长时间的正常血糖水平,通常约四个月,新的产生胰岛素的细胞几乎全部来自α细胞。而且,该策略成功地从人类α细胞中产生功能性的产胰岛素的细胞。

Gittes说:“病毒基因疗法似乎创造了这些新的产生胰岛素的细胞,这些细胞对自身免疫攻击相对有抵抗力。 “这种抵抗似乎是由于这些新细胞与正常胰岛素细胞稍有不同,但没有如此不同以至于不能很好地发挥作用。”                                                         
这种方法的几个特点可以促进其在人类中的转化。首先,本研究中使用的AAV载体目前正在进行各种人类基因治疗试验。此外,病毒载体可以通过常规进行的非手术内窥镜程序直接递送至人类胰腺;然而,这个程序可以引起胰腺炎症。另外,不需要免疫抑制,所以患者可以避免相关的副作用,如感染风险。

然而,一个主要的担心是小鼠最终会回到糖尿病状态,这表明这种治疗方法不能代表该疾病的明确治疗方法。 Gittes说:“对小鼠复发性糖尿病的保护并不是永久性的,尽管一些研究表明在小鼠中的过程高度加速,所以在小鼠中4个月可能会相当于人类中的几年。”                                   
目前,研究人员正在灵长类动物测试他们的方法。 Gittes说:“如果我们能够在非人类灵长类动物中表现出疗效,我们将开始与FDA合作,获得在1型和2型糖尿病患者中使用这种病毒基因疗法的批准。”

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    2018-01-07 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.好文章

    0

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    2018-01-05 changjiu

    学习一下谢谢

    0

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